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Application Placement and Relative Humidity Affects Smooth Crabgrass and Tall Fescue Response to Mesotrione

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew J. R. Goddard ,
John B. Willis  and
Shawn D. Askew
Matthew J. R. Goddard
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 435 Old Glade Road, Virginia Tech Box 0330, Blacksburg, VA 24060-0330
John B. Willis
Affiliation:
Monsanto Company, 1305 Sanders Road, Troy, OH 45373
Shawn D. Askew*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 435 Old Glade Road, Virginia Tech Box 0330, Blacksburg, VA 24060-0330
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: saskew@vt.edu
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Abstract

Much research has been conducted on mesotrione activity on crops and weeds, but information is lacking in regards to the relative contribution of soil and foliar absorption of mesotrione. Three experiments conducted at Virginia Tech's Glade Road Research Facility in Blacksburg, VA, evaluated the effects of 50 and 90% relative humidity (RH) on the activity of mesotrione applied to foliage, soil, and soil plus foliage. Tall fescue injury ranged from 0 to 21% and was significant in 6 of 20 comparisons. Three of these injury events were caused by soil plus foliar applications, which were always more injurious than foliar only applications, which were more injurious than soil-only applications. Both application placement and RH significantly influenced smooth crabgrass responses to mesotrione. Smooth crabgrass phytotoxicity was lowest when mesotrione was applied only to foliage and highest when mesotrione was applied to soil and foliage. Increasing RH from 50 to 90% caused a 4- to 18-fold increase in plant phytotoxicity when mesotrione was applied only to foliage. By dissecting the plant canopy, it was noted at 14 d after treatment, when averaged over RH, that white leaves comprise 16% of leaves when only foliage was treated and 55 and 62% when applied to soil plus foliage and soil only, respectively. Furthermore, white tissue was found predominately in the two youngest leaves when mesotrione was applied to soil or both soil and foliage, but in older leaves when applied only to foliage. Data indicate mesotrione entering plants through soil travels quickly to growing points and has an equal or greater effect on plant phytotoxicity than foliar-absorbed mesotrione. In addition, foliar-absorbed mesotrione appears to increase in plants significantly with increasing RH, but does not move rapidly to growing points.

Keywords

Mesotrionesmooth crabgrass, Digitaria ischaemum Schreb. ex Muhl. DIGIStall fescue, Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub FESAR, also Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. DarbyshireBleaching herbicidesphotochemical efficiencyrelative humiditytriketone herbicidesturfgrass injury
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , March 2010 , pp. 67 - 72
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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