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Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Biotypes Exhibit Differential Levels of Susceptibility and Biochemical Responses to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 September 2018

Jialin Yu ,
Patrick E. McCullough  and
Mark A. Czarnota
Jialin Yu
Affiliation:
Former: Post-doctoral researcher, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA; current: Postdoctoral research associate, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA
Patrick E. McCullough*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
Mark A. Czarnota
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
*
*Author for correspondence: Patrick McCullough, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223. (Email: pmccull@uga.edu)
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Abstract

An annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) biotype with limited susceptibility to POST flumioxazin applications was identified in Georgia. The objectives of this research were to quantify tolerance levels of this biotype (R-biotype) to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors and characterize physiological responses to flumioxazin. In dose–response experiments on 3- to 5-tiller plants, flumioxazin and sulfentrazone rates required to reduce dry-shoot biomass 50% from the nontreated were >14.5 and 10.4 times greater for the R-biotype, as compared with a susceptible (S)-biotype, respectively. Establishment of the R-biotype from seed was completely controlled by PRE applications of flumioxazin and oxadiazon, similar to the S-biotype. Tank mixtures of chlorpyrifos with flumioxazin did not enhance biomass reductions of the R-biotype, suggesting that tolerance levels may not be related to cytochrome P450–associated metabolism. In laboratory experiments, the R-biotype averaged 27% less electrolyte leakage, as compared with the S-biotype, after flumioxazin treatments. Lipid peroxidation in the R-biotype, as measured by malondialdehyde levels, averaged 25% less than the S-biotype at 72 h after broadcast flumioxazin treatments at 280 and 560 g ha−1. The tolerance to POST applications of PPO inhibitors in this P. annua biotype is associated with less lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage as compared with the S-biotype. These biochemical differences in biotypes may contribute to erratic levels of POST control from flumioxazin and could contribute to PPO-inhibitor resistance.

Keywords

Ramon G. Leon, North Carolina State UniversityEfficacyherbicide resistancePPOturfgrass
Type
Physiology/Chemistry/Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 66 , Issue 5 , September 2018 , pp. 574 - 580
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

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