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Amitrole, Triazine, Substituted Urea, and Metribuzin Resistance in a Biotype of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Michael W. M. Burnet ,
Orville B. Hildebrand ,
Joseph A. M. Holtum  and
Stephen B. Powles
Michael W. M. Burnet
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Prot., Waite Agric. Res. Inst., P.M.B. 1, Glen Osmond 5064, South Australia
Orville B. Hildebrand
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Prot., Waite Agric. Res. Inst., P.M.B. 1, Glen Osmond 5064, South Australia
Joseph A. M. Holtum
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Prot., Waite Agric. Res. Inst., P.M.B. 1, Glen Osmond 5064, South Australia
Stephen B. Powles
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Prot., Waite Agric. Res. Inst., P.M.B. 1, Glen Osmond 5064, South Australia
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Abstract

A biotype of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum G. ♯ LOLRI) has become resistant to amitrole and atrazine after 10 yr of exposure to a mixture of these herbicides. Resistance has also been demonstrated to the chloro-s-triazines: simazine, cyanazine, propazine; the methylthios-triazines: ametryn, prometryn; the substituted ureas: chlortoluron, isoproturon, metoxuron, diuron, fluometuron, methazole; and the triazinone herbicide metribuzin. The biotype remains susceptible to chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, sulfometuron, sethoxydim, diclofop, fluazifop, glyphosate, carbetamide, and oxyfluorfen. Inhibition of oxygen evolution by atrazine, diuron, and metribuzin was similar in thylakoids isolated from both resistant and susceptible biotypes. Therefore, resistance to the photosystem II inhibitors is not caused by an alteration of the target site of these herbicides. Resistant plants treated with a 3-h pulse of 0.12 mM chlortoluron recover photosynthetic activity more rapidly than susceptible plants. This suggests that the basis for resistance is enhanced metabolism or sequestration of the herbicide within the leaf.

Keywords

amitrole, 1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-aminediclofop, (±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propionic acidglyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycinemethazole, 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dioneoxyfluorfen, 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenepropazine, 6-chloro-N,N′-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diaminesimazine, 6-chloro-N,N′-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamineCross-resistancemultiple resistancesimazine resistancechlortoluron resistanceLOLRI
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 39 , Issue 3 , September 1991 , pp. 317 - 323
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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