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Is all red rice found in commercial rice really Oryza sativa?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

L. Kelly Vaughan ,
Brian V. Ottis ,
Ann M. Prazak-Havey ,
Concetta A. Bormans ,
Clay Sneller ,
James M. Chandler  and
William D. Park
L. Kelly Vaughan
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2128
Brian V. Ottis
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Science, 2474 TAMU, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474
Ann M. Prazak-Havey
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2128
Concetta A. Bormans
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2128
Clay Sneller
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72703
William D. Park
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2128
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Abstract

All red rice found in commercial rice in the United States has traditionally been classified as Oryza sativa ssp. indica. This assumption was tested by analyzing red rice samples collected from across the southern United States rice belt with 18 simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) markers distributed across all 12 chromosomes. The results clearly demonstrate that the traditional classification of red rice is inadequate. Some red rice is closely related to O. sativa ssp. indica cultivated rice. However, other red rice is more closely related to O. sativa ssp. japonica. Most importantly, some red rice samples collected from Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas form a distinct group that includes a number of Oryza nivara and Oryza rufipogon accessions from the National Small Grains Center. In particular, red rice samples from three states were identified that for all 18 markers are identical to the O. rufipogon accession IRGC 105491. These different classes of red rice are intermingled across the southern U.S. rice belt and within individual production fields. Oryza sativa ssp. indica-like red rice and O. rufipogon-like red rice have been found within a single 9-m2 collection site. While the classification of red rice as O. sativa ssp. indica, O. sativa ssp. japonica, or O. rufipogon using DNA markers is generally in agreement with classification based on simple morphological traits, readily observed morphological traits alone are not sufficient to reliably classify red rice. Because red rice is much more diverse than previously assumed, this diversity must be considered when developing red rice management strategies.

Keywords

GlufosinateOryza nivara L.Oryza rufipogon L.Oryza sativa L. ORYSA, red riceOryza sativa L., riceDNA markerSSLPmicrosatellitered rice classification
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 49 , Issue 4 , August 2001 , pp. 468 - 476
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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