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ALS resistance in several smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) biotypes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Cory M. Whaley ,
Henry P. Wilson  and
James H. Westwood
Cory M. Whaley
Affiliation:
Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Painter, VA 23420
James H. Westwood
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Abstract

Experiments were conducted to identify acetolactate synthase (ALS, EC 2.2.1.6 [formerly EC 4.1.3.18]) mutation sites in eight biotypes of smooth pigweed and correlate these mutations with patterns of herbicide cross-resistance. Four herbicide-resistant smooth pigweed biotypes (R5, R6, R7, R8) collected from fields in Virginia, Delaware, and Maryland, showed a similar response to postemergence applications of the ALS-inhibitors imazethapyr, pyrithiobac, chlorimuron, thifensulfuron, and cloransulam. These R biotypes ranged from 261- to 537-fold resistant to imazethapyr and 29- to 88-fold resistant to pyrithiobac. The biotypes also had reduced sensitivity to chlorimuron and thifensulfuron of 2- to 14-fold and 10- to 25-fold, respectively, relative to a susceptible smooth pigweed biotype (S). Biotypes R6, R7, and R8 had reduced sensitivity of 3- to 10-fold to cloransulam relative to the S biotype, whereas R5 had increased sensitivity. All of these biotypes were found to have a serine to asparagine substitution at amino acid position 653, as numbered relative to the protein sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana. This stands in contrast to four other imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant smooth pigweed biotypes (R1, R2, R3, R4) that were collected from fields in Somerset County, Maryland. These biotypes were found to have an alanine to threonine substitution at position 122 of the ALS enzyme and were previously characterized at the whole-plant level with high-level resistance to IMI herbicides, increased sensitivity to pyrimidinylthiobenzoate and triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide herbicides, and low to no cross-resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides.

Keywords

Chlorimuroncloransulamimazethapyrpyrithiobacthifensulfuronsmooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. AMACHAcetolactate synthasecross-resistanceherbicide resistance
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 5 , October 2006 , pp. 828 - 832
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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