^{page 55 note 1} In Series II, Vol. 139, there is a copy of the two first documents printed in Vol. II of the Olim; the transcript was made, however, not from the original register but from the Collection Boissy d'Anglas that appears to be the solitary representative of the registers of the parlement.

^{page 56 note 1} Rolls Series, 1861–4. Stevenson's remarks upon the Archives will be found at pp. lxxiii f. of his introduction to Vol. I. The collection does include one document (I. lxxvii ff.) taken from what is described (III, 522, n. 1) as “ a comparatively modern transcript from an original which cannot now be traced.” This is an account of the proceedings before the duke of Bedford in the “ chambre de parlement” on 19 November, 1422, when the parlement, university and burgesses of Paris acknowledged Henry VI. and swore to observe the treaty of Troyes. The original entry is to be found in the register bearing the reference X^1a 1480, fo. 262V⁰: see Maugis, , Histoire du parlement de Paris, I. 32 f.Google Scholar

^{page 56 note 2} The decline was supposed to set in about 1461, see Laborde's Préface to Boutaric, Actes du parlement, p. cvii. For reports o1n Baschet's transcripts see Deputy Keeper's Reports, Vols. XXXIV–XLVIII.

G. M. R. Picot derived from the registers the highly interesting material contained in his essay Le parlement de Paris sous Charles VIII., published in 1877. But the vast labours of M. Ed. Maugis have given the best indication of what may be found in the registers of the later fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries: see especially two appendices to the second volume of his Histoire du parlement de Paris entitled L'histoire de la censure des livres et de l'imprimerie par le parlement au XVI^e siècle and Du contrôle et de la réformation des universitis par le parlement au XVI^e siècle. The former is particularly interesting to English students for the light it casts on the trade with England in seditious and heretical books, see pp. 327, 336 f., 343 f., 348.

^{page 56 note 3} See Appendix.

^{page 57 note 1} Langlois, , Textes relatifs à l'histoire du parlement, pp. 145 ff.Google Scholar; Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes, L. 41 ff.

^{page 57 note 2} This was apparently the solution Edward I. was aiming at in 1286, but it was inacceptable to Philip the Fair who granted only comparatively minor concessions: Foedera, I. 665; a better text and supplementary documents will be found in Langlois, , Textes, pp. 130 ffGoogle Scholar. See also Gavrilovitch, , Étude sur le Traité de Paris de 1259, pp. 85 f.Google Scholar: there is, however, a confusion in chronology here.

^{page 57 note 3} For the earlier history, see Gavrilovitch, op. cit., pp. 84 ff.; Ducoudray, , Les origines du parlement de Paris, pp. 1005 ffGoogle Scholar.

^{page 58 note 1} On the history of the parlement anglo-bourguignon, see Maugis, op. cit., I. 24 ff.

^{page 58 note 2} This was on 21 December, 1430: see Maugis, op. cit., I. 42, citing X^1a 1481, fo. 48; Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris 1405–1449 (ed. A. Tuetey: Société de l'histoire de Paris), pp. 278 f.

^{page 58 note 3} Many examples will be found in X^1a 64 and 65. A few pages show plainly the method of alteration: for the most part the job is done artistically. X^1a 63 escaped mutilation, and the writs of the parlement of 1422–3 are therefore preserved in their original form.

^{page 58 note 4} Grün, , Notice sur les archives du parlement de Paris, pp. cclxvii ffGoogle Scholar. Some registers of the period are missing, but there is no reason to attribute their abstraction to the English.

^{page 58 note 5} Actes du parlement, 2e Série, nos. 739, 1184, 1294, 1379, 1878, 2337, 2338. These abstracts necessarily omit many details: see especially the final judgements of 16 January, 1339 (X^1a 8, fo. 22v^o, 23 = Actes, nos. 2337–8). No. 1878 has been printed in full by Guilhiermoz from X^1a 7, fo. 186v^o (Enquêtes et procès, p. 460).

^{page 59 note 1} X^1a 8, fo. 22v^o: Ecce quomodo nos de archiepiscopo Canthuariensi et gentibus suis vindicamus.

^{page 59 note 2} See also Actes, no. 2364. On 30 January, 1339, an appeal against the king of England, as duke of Guyenne, is decided in his favour: but the fine of 1,000 livres is declared to belong to the king of France by reason of his recent acquisition of part of the duchy!

^{page 60 note 1} X^1a 10, fo. 127.

^{page 60 note 2} X^1a 11, fo. 197v^o. The events took place, of course, before the sale of Montpellier to Philip VI. by the king of Majorca and its union with the French crown (1349). For an earlier episode in the life of Gerald Corp (or Gerard Corpe, who seems to be the same man) see Year Book 20 Edward III., part ii (Rolls Series, 1911), Introduction, pp. xxxii f.

^{page 61 note 1} He had held a number of important offices: governor of Rochelle, seneschal of Saintonge, seneschal of Bigorre.

^{page 61 note 2} This is also the implication of the defiance sent by the duke of Brunswick: Knighton, Chronicon, II. 70.

^{page 61 note 3} It was printed, not from X^2a 7, fo. 143 ff. but from a copy then in the Chambre des Comptes, by P. H. Morice in Preuves de l'histoire de Bretagne (1742), I. 1566 ff. S. Luce has briefly summarised the case and explained its origin in Bertrand du Guesclin, c. xii: he seems not, however, to have fully understood it and he has not appreciated the legal position and motives of the two parties. Felton appears to have brought the action to clear his own honour, as he in fact stated at the trial: he seems to have been misled by du Guesclin, unintentionally we may suppose, but, he thought, treacherously: he doubtless realised that, since he could not bring witnesses to prove his case, his only chance of success was trial by battle. Another document, dated two days after Felton's defiance (Luce, op. cit., app. XLVIII), shews that what du Guesclin had undertaken was in dispute.

^{page 62 note 1} X^1a 1469, fo. II6v^o, cited by Aubert, F., Le parlement de Paris de Philippe le Bel à Charles VII. (1314–1422): son organisation, p. 188.Google Scholar

^{page 62 note 2} Guilhiermoz, op. cit., pp. 556, 559 f., from X^1a 1469, fo. 204, 211, 235 and X^1a 21, fo. 130v^o.

^{page 63 note 1} X^1a 29, fo. I77v^o ff.

^{page 63 note 2} See the amusing paper by Ch. Langlois, V., Les anglais du moyen age d'après les sources françaises in Revue Historique, LII. 298 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 63 note 3} It is idle to guess at English equivalents, of these names. Neither Châteaufort nor Boulan are uncommon French place-names: but there seems no doubt that the three men were English.

^{page 63 note 4} Tanon, L., Registre criminel de la justice de St. Martin des Champs, pp. 52 ffGoogle Scholar. (March–May, 1336). I have not run down the case in the registers of the parlement. The substitution of an effigy for an executed criminal was not peculiar to French law. There is an interesting precedent in parallel circumstances in the English parliament in 1290; Rot. Parl., I. 45.

^{page 64 note 1} I cannot suggest the English equivalent.

^{page 64 note 2} X^1a 31, fo. 155 ff. (23 June, 1382).

^{page 64 note 3} X^1a 11, fo. 174v^o (19 January, 1348).

^{page 64 note 4} X^2a 9, fo. 203v^o f.; X^2a 10, fo. 99 ff., III.

^{page 65 note 1} X^2a 9, fo. 204: quodque dictus defunctus sue parentele seu consanguinitatis caput et armorum suorum gestorem nominauerat et instituerat Robertum Dasquin. I feel some uncertainty as to the precise meaning of this.

^{page 65 note 2} Cf. Aubert, , Histoire du parlement de Paris de l'origine à François I^er, II, 33.Google Scholar

^{page 65 note 3} Bain, , Calendar of documents relating to Scotland, IV. 67 (no. 303).Google Scholar

^{page 66 note 1} X^1a 64, fo. 64v^of. (16 July, 1424).

^{page 66 note 2} X^1a 65, fo. 38v^o (16 March, 1425).

^{page 66 note 3} X^1a 66, fo. 266 ff. (23 June, 1429). William Alington was treasurer and receiver-general in Normandy. For a grant in Caen to Chipstowe, John, 10 April, 1420, see Calendar of Norman Rolls, D.K. Report, XLII. 367Google Scholar. For some account of affairs at Caen see Puisieux, L., L'émigration normande et la colonisation anglaise en Normandie au XV^e siècle (1866), PP. 69, 75.Google Scholar

^{page 67 note 1} Foedera (original edition), XII. 77.

^{page 68 note 1} The earl of Wiltshire, reappointed treasurer 30 October, 1458.

^{page 68 note 2} X^1a 4807, fo. 126v^o, 127, 132, 133, 135, 136.

^{page 68 note 3} X^1a 9317, no. 13: see facsimile.

^{page 68 note 4} W. Maitland refers to letters patent, dated at Edinburgh 2 January in the 41st year, as being then among the archives of the city of Edinburgh: History of Edinburgh (1753), p. 8.

^{page 68 note 5} X^1a 12, fo. 92v^o (18 February, 1348).

^{page 69 note 1} X^1a 12, fo. 79 (13 January, 1348).

^{page 69 note 2} E.g. X^1a 10, fo. 76 (Edouard de Bailleul: 21 February, 1344); X^1a 11, fo. 61 (André de “ Bedocio ”: 29 January, 1345).

^{page 70 note 1} A military work, “ une deffense a lencontre du chastel,” which has been mentioned.

^{page 70 note 2} X^2a 4, fo. 148V^o ff.

^{page 70 note 3} Molinier, Chronique normande, app. VI, from X^2a 4, fo. 190 ff.: see Introduction, pp. lxxiii f., for the editor's appreciation of this document.

^{page 71 note 1} See Ducoudray, op. cit., p. 1021. These are cases of summary condemnation outside the normal procedure of the court. For documents in the registers of the parlement referring to Godefroi de Harcourt and his accomplices see L. Delisle, Histoire du château et des sires de Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte, I. 56 ff., II, 96 ff.

^{page 72 note 1} X^1a 12, fo. 478v^o ff. (17 July, 1350).

^{page 73 note 1} X^1a 65, fo. 83 ff. (26 January, 1425).

^{page 73 note 2} X^1a 1473, fo. 25v^o, 85v^o (2 January and 27 March, 1386).

^{page 74 note 1} X^1a 48, fo. 223v^o if. (20 August, 1401): cf. Journal de Nicolas de Baye, I. 10 (from X^1a 1478, fo. 29v^o): the sailor is here called Colart Dance.

^{page 75 note 1} XI^a 63, fo. 47 ff. 5 March, 1418).

^{page 75 note 2} X^2a 6, fo. 39IV^off. (18 January, 1358): printed by Luce, S., Bertrand du Guesclin, pp. 526 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 76 note 1} X^1a 31, fo. 254 f. (23 December, 1383).

^{page 76 note 2} Aubert, Le parlement de Paris de Philippe le Bel à Charles VII., sa compétence, ses attributions, p. 155: X^1a 1471, fo. 300 (20 March, 1380), printed ibid., p. 294.

^{page 77 note 1} Cal. Patent Rolls, Edward III., XIII. 174 (6 November, 1365); X^1a 1469, fo. 251, 429, printed by Guilhiermoz, op. cit., p. 568 (subsequent proceedings in the parlement, 1367 and 1370); X^1a 21, fo. 95, printed by Gamier, E. in Mémoires de la Société des Antiquaires de la Morinie, VIII. 230 ffGoogle Scholar. See also le père Anselme, Histoire Généalogique, VI. 170, 671; Garnier, , Notice sur Robert de Fiennes in Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes, XIII. 47 f.Google Scholar

^{page 77 note 2} Boutaric, Actes du parlement de Paris, no. 2408; X^1a 8847, fo. IIIv^o.

^{page 77 note 3} X^1a 6, fo. 123 = Actes du parlement, 2^e Série, no. 306 (16 June, 1330).

^{page 77 note 4} X^1a 9, fo. 308 = Actes, 2^e Série, no. 4192 (11 May, 1342).

^{page 77 note 5} X^1a 18, fo. 71 ff., X^1a 20, fo. 218v^o f.: printed by S. Luce, op. cit., PP. 543 ff., 584 ff.

^{page 78 note 1} The Notice sur les archives du parlement de Paris, by A. Grün, is an excellent guide to the records of the parlement: this is prefixed to the first volume of Boutaric's Actes du parlement de Paris (1863): also included in the same volume is the Préface by the Comte de Laborde, a good general account of the historical contents of the records, but somewhat wanting in perspective. The principal texts relating to the early history of the parlement have been edited, with a valuable introduction, by Ch. Langlois, V. in Textes relatifs à l'histoire du parlement depuis les origines jusqu' en 1314 (1888)Google Scholar. Good detailed accounts of the parlement for different periods and from different points of view will be found in the following: Aubert, F., Le parlement de Paris de Philippe le Bel à Charles VII., son organisation (1886)Google Scholar, sa compétence, ses attributions (1890), Histoire du parlement de Paris de l'origine à François Ier (2 vols. 1894); Ducoudray, G., Les origines du parlement de Paris et la justice aux XIII^e et XIV^e siècles (1902)Google Scholar; Ed. Maugis, , Histoire du parlement de Paris de l'avènement des rois Valois à la mort de Henri IV. (3 vols. 1913–1916)Google Scholar. Enquêtes et proès, by Guilhiermoz, P. (1892)Google Scholar, is a detailed study of procedure in the fourteenth century. Important corrections on certain details of the early history of the parlement will be found in de Serres, Borrelli, Recherches sur divers services publics (3 vols. 1895–1909)Google Scholar, and two papers by Viard, J. in the Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes, Vols. LXXVII (1917), pp. 74 ff.Google Scholar, LXXIX (1919), pp. 60 ff.

^{page 79 note 1} The parties, of course, preserved many documents connected with actions in which they were interested. A large number are in the Public Record Office among the Diplomatic Documents of the Chancery and Exchequer and the Ancient Correspondence or transcribed on the Gascon Rolls and other Chancery enrolments. Some have been printed in the Foedera, by Champollion-Figeac in Lettres de Rois (from Bréquiny's transcripts), and by Langlois in Bibliothèque de l'École des Charles, XLVIII. 177 ff., 535 ff., L. 41 ff., and Textes (see p. xvi and references).

^{page 79 note 2} Occasionally cases were evoked by the parlement from inferior courts: or the judges of inferior courts might remit cases of difficulty to the parlement.

^{page 81 note 1} This was a schedule sewn to the bag containing the documents, relating to the inquest or the appeal, etc.

^{page 81 note 2} This distinction (which is maintained in the registers of the parlement) is not always strictly observed in the law-books of the period. The author of the Style de la chambre des enquêtes invariably refers to a jugé as an arrêt: Guilhiermoz, op. cit., pp. xiii, 153, n. 5. Bouteiller cites a jugé (X^1a 26, fo. 225) which he calls an arrêt: Somme Rurale (ed. 1479) II, fo. 35v^o. Cf. Grün, op. cit., p. cxxxiii, n. 2.

^{page 81 note 3} This information d'office, which as instruction criminelle has survived in French law, has very little except the name in common with the ex officio information of English law.

^{page 82 note 1} Printed by Tuetey, A. in Collection des documents inédits: mélanges historiques, tom. III ^e (1880).Google Scholar

^{page 82 note 2} An accord or agreement between parties was confirmed by arrêt. These arrêts were occasionally registered, as, for example, on the demand of the parties: for the most part they were not registered.

^{page 82 note 3} An extremely interesting example is to be found in X^2a 3, fo. 33 ff. This is a letter written in 1325 to the king of Aragon setting out in detail the adventures of Guillaume Bonnesmains, who was falsely betrayed to the sultan of Egypt by Aragonese merchants.

^{page 83 note 1} Ducoudray, op. cit., p. 274: cf. Guilhiermoz, op. cit., p. v.

^{page 83 note 2} Cf. Maitland's Introduction to Year Books of Edward II., I. xvi ff.: “ In 1500, in 1400, in 1300, English lawyers were systematically reporting what of interest was said in court. Who else in Europe was trying to do the like—to get down on paper or parchment the shifting argument, the retort, the quip, the expletive? ” All Maitland could put beside the Year Books were the Decisiones Dominorum de Rota.

The surviving Year Books extend, of course, to a much earlier date than the registers of Conseil et Plaidoiries. These registers seem to have been preceded by nothing of a formal nature, although doubtless notes were taken by the clerks in court: cf. Grün, op. cit., pp. clii, clxiv.

^{page 83 note 3} Born a serf, by his talents and learning he attained high office and died a canon of Paris. The Journal de Nicolas de Baye has been edited by A. Tuetey for the Société de l'histoire de France (1885–8). The plan on which the extracts from the registers are made permits the admission of documents of a miscellaneous character which are really foreign to a journal: but to some extent they serve to illustrate the nature of the registers during the period covered, 1400–17.

For the predecessors of Nicholas de Baye see Ducoudray, op. cit., pp. 274 f.

^{page 84 note 1} See Introduction by Stein, H. to Inventaire analytique des ordonnances enregistrées au parlement de Paris (1908)Google Scholar. Maugis, op. cit., I. 516 ff., discusses in detail the development of the constitutional position of the parlement.

^{page 84 note 2} The Répertoire numérique des archives du parlement de Paris—Série X covers the whole collection from the thirteenth to the eighteenth century: but this is simply a classified list of registers and bundles.

^{page 84 note 3} By Beugnot, Collection des documents inédits (1839–48): portions not printed there have been published by Langlois, , Textes, pp. 202 ff.Google Scholar, and Guilhiermoz, op. cit., pp. 351 ff.

^{page 84 note 4} See Préface, pp. cvii ff., by Laborde to Actes du parlement de Paris, lére Série.

^{page 84 note 5} This is the work cited in the preceding note. Noteworthy features of the first volume are the account of the records of the parlement by Grün and the reconstitution of a lost volume of the Olim by Léopold Delisle.

^{page 84 note 6} An account of the work in progress will be found in the preface to Furgeot, H., Actes du parlement de Paris, II^e Série, Jugés, tome I^er (1328–1342). This was published in 1920.Google Scholar

^{page 84 note 7} These lettres d'état are writs delaying the hearing of a cause pending before the parlement, because one of the parties is engaged in the king's service or for some other sufficient reason.

^{page 84 note 8} Viard, Jules, Lettres d'état enregistrées au parlement sous le règne de Philippe VI. de Valois in Annuaire Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de France (1897–1898), XXXIV. 193 ffGoogle Scholar, XXXV. 1770. Nos. 16, 25 and 67 refer to the comte de Ponthieu, i.e. Edward III. Many refer to the wars with England.

^{page 85 note 1} H. Stein, Inventaire analytique: see above.

^{page 85 note 2} For some further particulars see Langlois, and Stein, , Les archives de l'histoire de France, pp. 39 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 85 note 3} See Grün, op. cit., pp. cclxxix ff. Occasionally these transcripts supply documents from registers now missing.