^{page 151 note 1} Both forms of this word are found. Calimala is the old form, and is doubtless derived from Callismala (as it is written at the head of one of the earliest statutes of this guild), a lane of doubtful reputation in the vicinity of which the guild had its houses. Calimara is the present name of the street, which is continuous with Por Santa Maria, where were the houses of the Guild of Silk.

^{page 153 note 1} It should be understood, however, that this work has not been continuous, as it was frequently interrupted both by ill-health and by the claims of other work.

^{page 155 note 1} A lady recently went from Florence to istoja to make some researches in the Archives there, and found that it was so long since any stranger had been to Pistoja for this purpose, that the Archives had been locked up, and the Archivista had gone to Africa.

^{page 156 note 1} A few weeks ago, after continued heavy rains, I saw the Arno rise about fifteen feet in twenty-four hours, and then sink again as rapidly (May, 1898).

^{page 160 note 1} Without entering, or wishing to enter, upon the thorny question of modern Italian politics, I may perhaps be allowed to suggest that, on purely historical grounds, the present form of parliamentary government in Italy is unfortunate because it is inconsistent with the ‘indole’ of the Italian people. The House of Savoy is doing its best to govern Italy upon the constitutional lines of which the British Parliament furnished the model: i.e., it is endeavouring to engraft a purely Teuton institution upon a people mainly Latin. That the antipathy of the modern Guelfs to this new form of Ghibellinism is profound and bitter, is but too evident; it will suffice to refer to the unceasing aspiration of the Papacy to recover the temporal power, and to the famous Encyclical ‘Non expedit;’ but Italian voters hardly need aNon expedit to make them indifferent to the vote they possess.

^{page 160 note 2} See Le Livre des Métiers, drawn up at the command of Étienne Boileau, Provost of Paris, in the thirteenth century, during the reign of King Louis IX. (St. Louis); cf. ‘Craftswomen in the Livre des Métiers,’ in the Economic Journal (early in 1895).

^{page 161 note 1} Dante's ‘mio bel San Giovanni.’

^{page 163 note 1} Since writing the above, I have seen the Calmiala eagle also on the side of an old building adjoining the Franciscan convent at San Miniato. It is stated that this guild held at one time the patronage of a Benedictine abbey on the hill.

^{page 163 note 2} For a fuller of these two guilds, see Villari, , op. cit. vol. i.Google Scholar, from Whic the above account is mainly taken.

^{page 165 note 1} One of the Franciscan Suore ot San Miniato told me, a few days ago, that all the coarse brown serge worn by the Franciscan Order in Italy, whether Frati or Suore, is made at La Verna, in the Casentino, the spot where St. Francis is believed to have received the stigmata.

^{page 166 note 1} One place where the cloth was stretched was near the Porta San Frediano, adjoining the river. The name only survives in the Via Tiratoj.

^{page 166 note 2} I am unable to say how much a panno denotes, whether a length of cloth, or enough for the average suit of clothes, and so I therefore leave the word in the original. Panni is still a word in very common use, but it now means ‘clothes’ generally, of whatever kind, exclusive of bed-clothes, &c.

^{page 168 note 1} Standard cloth measures may still be seen at Assisi: pieces of iron let into the wall of an old tower in the Piazza, adjoining the church of La Madonna della Minerva.

^{page 168 note 2} From various anecdotes quoted in DrBiagi's, Private Life of the Renaissance Florentines (London: Fisher Unwin, reprinted from Blackwood)Google Scholar, it may be inferred that individuals did their best to wriggle through the regulations whenever they had the chance. The average Florentine is still a shrewd bargainer, whose self-respect consists in ‘besting’ other people without being caught napping himself.

^{page 169 note 1} The inhabitants of the rather noisy workshop of a ‘fabbro ferraio,’ or worker in iron, at the rear of the house in which I live, have just finished two beautiful gates of wrought iron, and placed them out on the pavement for every one to see. The iron is heated for working, bit by bit, in small charcoal braziers fanned with hand-bellows. Doubtless even Ghiberti, when modelling the Baptistery gates, was somewhat of a nuisance to his neighbours.

^{page 170 note 1} These, as the Dukes of San Clemente, are still in existance. Theres is also still a Via Velluti, a narrow little mediæval lane, turning to the right off the Via Maggio.

^{page 171 note 1} I came unexpectedly one day upon an old painting, of great merit, but of considerable historical interest, representing a shop of the Arte dell Lana at work. It is in the suppressed monastery of San Salvi, in the same room (the Refectory) as Andrea del Sarto's ‘Cenacolo.’

^{page 172 note 1} I have been unable to do more than give the foregoing sketch of the earlier history of the trades. The Arti were not abolished till 1770. According to Cantini, the decline in the wool industries was due to the Medician policy of suppressing inconvenient energy; but the guilds were then already declining from economic causes. The trade flourished for some time in the East after the loss of the Western markets, and received its death-blow there in the establishment by the Medici of the Military Order of St. Stephen, which provoked immediate reprisals against all Tuscans from Constantinople. A good chronological table of Florentine history from the economic side is a desideratum.

^{page 179 note 1} Primi due Secoli, Vol. II. c. vii. p. 1.