^{page 129 note 1} Vol. iii. chapter x. and supplementary chapter xlix.

^{page 129 note 2} Journal of House of Commons, vol. vi. 351.Google Scholar

^{page 130 note 1} In 1649 Parliament granted an exemplification of Charles I's Charter to Reading.

^{page 130 note 2} Journal of House of Commons, vol. vii. 1651.Google Scholar Humble petition of the well-affected inhabitants in the city of Chester, vol. vii. 1653.

^{page 130 note 3} Ibid.

^{page 130 note 4} Ibid.

^{page 130 note 5} Wyon, 's Great Seals of England, pp. 90–98.Google Scholar

^{page 130 note 6} Report of Commissioners on Municipal Corporations, 1835.

^{page 131 note 1} Audit Office, Accounts Various, 663–5.

^{page 131 note 2} Ibid.

^{page 131 note 3} Declared Accounts, Audit Office, Bdles 1377–8.

^{page 131 note 4} ‘Cromwell always advised with the greatest lawyers of the land before he put his deliberations in execution.’ Somers, ' Tracts, First Collection, vol. iii.Google Scholar ‘A modest vindication.’

^{page 132 note 1} Calendar of State Papers, Dom. Series, 1655–1656, p. 370.Google Scholar

^{page 132 note 2} Ibid. 1656–7. January 13th. There are other references to the same effect.

^{page 132 note 3} For further information as to this man see the following works: Reliquiae Baxterianae; Dictionaries of Literature and Authors; Bibliotheca Legum; Clarke Papers, ed. by Firth, C. H. (vol. iii. pp. 61 and 64)Google Scholar; Dictionary of National Biography; Gloucestershire Notes and Queries, ed. by Blacker, B. H. (vol. ii. pp. 508 and 570, and vol. iii. p. 61)Google Scholar; Brief History of the Sheppard Family, by Sheppard, W. A. (Calcutta, 1891)Google Scholar; Cal. S. P., Dom. S., 24 11 1657Google Scholar; Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, collected and edited by C. H. Firth and R. S. Rait, passim.

^{page 133 note 1} See Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, for 1655–1658Google Scholarpassim. The case of Blandford is illuminating.

^{page 133 note 2} Camden Miscellany, loc, cit.

^{page 134 note 1} But it does not appear that Carlisle ever received a charter from Cromwell.

^{page 134 note 2} History of Protectorate, op. cit.

^{page 135 note 1} Historical Review, vol. xv.Google Scholar; Nineteenth Century, vol. xlvi.Google Scholar

^{page 135 note 2} E. 868, Reply of the Mayor of Reading, by Christopher Fowler.

^{page 135 note 3} This turbulence can be illustrated, of course, from many towns at this time; but Maidstone (Calendar State Papers, Domestic Series, 08 1656Google Scholar) and Kingston (ibid. 2 May 1655) are very interesting examples.

^{page 135 note 4} Vol. ii. app. vii. pp. 190–4.

^{page 135 note 5} He was ejected from St. Mary's in 1662, and died 1679.

^{page 135 note 6} The well-known puritan minister and writer. He conformed after the Restoration, and died in 1699. See Hist. MSS. Report II, app. vii.Google Scholar

^{page 137 note 1} It should be observed that there had been no settled rule for a considerable time with regard to elections in Reading. Dr. Gardiner draws attention to three methods adopted there in the years 1627, 1645 and 1648. In 1654 the mayor declared that Colonel Hammond was elected by the Corporation, but on a shout of protest from the crowd the townsmen were allowed to give their votes. History of Protectorate, vol. iii. p. 10.Google Scholar

^{page 138 note 1} These numbers appear very large. Dr. Gardiner has commented upon the paucity of voters in those days. In 1654 there were at Colchester only 200; at Leicester, in 1656, only 59; while at Newcastle (a very populous place) there were 600 voters. History of Protectorate, vol. iii. p. 7.Google Scholar

^{page 139 note 1} It may be mentioned that the struggle for the schoolmaster's position continued until October 29, 1660. There was a series of appointments and dismissals of Mr. Gerrard and Mr. Jennings until finally another man altogether was appointed. One wonders what the ‘schollers’ were doing all this time!

^{page 139 note 2} Maidstone, (Cal. S. P., Dom. S., 1656–1657, p. 87)Google Scholar; Lynn, King's (House of Commons Journal, vol. vii. pp. 428 and 441, et seq.)Google Scholar; Hereford (H. of C.J., p. 432Google Scholar, and Hist. MSS. Com. Report 14, App. 2, p. 208Google Scholar); Reading (Hist. MSS. Report 11, App. 7, pp. 190–4Google Scholar); Colchester, 1655 (Gardiner, S. R., Hist, of Protectorate, chap, xliii. pp. 268–94Google Scholar, and Round, J. H., Nineteenth Century, vol. 46Google Scholar, and English Historical Review, vol. 15Google Scholar); Westminster, (Thurtoe, vol. v., p. 337—Letter of J. Waddell)Google Scholar; Middlesex, (Clarke Papers, ed. Firth, C. H., vol. 3, p. 70).Google Scholar

^{page 140 note 1} This account is of course a mere summary. There is a full and interesting account of the proceedings in the source indicated, namely, Hist. MSS. Report 14, App. 2, p. 208.Google Scholar

^{page 141 note 1} Calendar State Papers, Domestic Series, 09 18, 1656Google Scholar; also Clarke Papers, ed. Firth, C. H., 08 23, 1656.Google Scholar

^{page 141 note 2} Letter of E. Barnes, Thurloe, 1656, p. 337.Google Scholar

^{page 141 note 3} Calendar State Papers, Domestic Series, 08 28, 1656.Google Scholar

^{page 142 note 1} See Professor Rannie's article on the Major-Generals, English Historical Review, vol. x.Google Scholar

^{page 142 note 2} Ludlow's Memoirs, vol. ii. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

^{page 143 note 1} Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 1660 and 1661, passim.Google Scholar

^{page 143 note 2} Reading preferred to buy a new charter from Charles II at the cost of £229 17s. 9d. (Hist. MSS, Com. 11th Report, App. 7, p. 196).Google Scholar

^{page 144 note 1} The charter is not now in the Municipal Record Room of King's Lynn. Information through the courtesy of Mr. E. M. Beloe, Borough Coroner, King's Lynn.

^{page 144 note 2} For these details see Hist. MSS. Com. 5th Report, p. 555.Google Scholar

^{page 145 note 1} Ibid. f. 22 b.

^{page 145 note 2} Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 08 1656 (not indexed).Google Scholar

^{page 145 note 3} Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 1655–1656, p. 374.Google Scholar See also Appendix to this paper.

^{page 145 note 4} Camden Misc. op. cit. (Preface).

^{page 146 note 1} Extract from information courteously given by Mr. C. H. Ashdown, Hon. Sec., St. Albans and Herts Architectural and Archæological Society.

^{page 146 note 2} See local histories, passim.

^{page 146 note 3} June 12, 1656.

^{page 147 note 1} There is an imperfect draft of a project of Oliver Cromwell (for erecting a new college at Oxford) amongst the MSS. at Queensberry Place, Kensington, Hist. MSS. Com. 5th Report, p. 314.Google Scholar

^{page 147 note 2} This information is derived through the courtesy of Mr. G. S. Blakenay, Town Clerk of Gloucester. See also Stevenson's, W. H.Records of Gloucester, p. 45.Google Scholar

^{page 147 note 3} This account comes from Stone's, P. G.Records of Newport.Google Scholar

^{page 147 note 4} Camden Misc., loc. cit.

^{page 148 note 1} Round, J. H., Nineteenth Century, vol. 46Google Scholar; English Historical Review, vol. 15.Google Scholar

^{page 148 note 2} Charters granted to Swansea. G. G. Francis (Introductory chapter and passim). Mr. Francis has edited these Protectorate Charters with very full and valuable notes upon the charters in their bearing upon the History of Swansea.

^{page 149 note 1} E.g. in the instance of Abergavenny notes of practically the whole of the charter are supplied. See Appendix.

^{page 149 note 2} Press Mark, B.M.E. 1912 (2).Google Scholar

^{page 149 note 3} Wyon, 's Great Seals of England, op. cit.Google Scholar

^{page 150 note 1} This is interesting because James's charter (1685) ignored it and reestablished three others which were allowed for by the bye-laws of 1584.

^{page 151 note 1} Francis, G. G., op. cit.Google Scholar

^{page 151 note 2} Hoare, 's Wiltshire, chapter xxxvii.Google Scholar The Town Records of Salisbury are ample for this period.

^{page 153 note 1} Gardiner's History, vol. 3, chapter xliii. p. 292.Google Scholar

^{page 154 note 1} Robertson, C. G., Select Acts, p. 5.Google Scholar

^{page 155 note 1} For farther instances see Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Seties, for years 1660 and 1661 passim.Google Scholar