^{page 87 note 1} Bau was a small island south-east of Viti Levu, but the chief's influence extended beyond it.

^{page 87 note 2} J. I. Brookes, International Rivalry in the Pacific Islands, 1800 to 1875, p. 248. She points out that ‘through the magic of interest’ this sum was increased to $67,425·41.

^{page 87 note 3} C[orrespondence] R[elative to the] F[iji] I[slands]. [Cmd. 2995], pp. 3–4. H.C. (1862). XXXVI, 701.Google Scholar

^{page 87 note 4} C.O. 201/510: Minute by Gairdner, 7 April 1859. “… it is rather a question for the Colonial than for the Foreign Secretary of State to consider whether the British Government should accept the cession of a new Colony’. Merivale agreed.

^{page 87 note 5} Ibid.: Minute dated 21 February 1859, on Hammond to Merivale, 18 February 1859.

^{page 88 note 1} C.O. 201/510: Minute dated 22 February 1859, on Hammond to Merivale, 18 February 1859.

^{page 88 note 2} Ibid.: Report enclosed in Admiralty to C.O., 14 March 1859. Printed in CRFI, pp. 10–11.

^{page 88 note 3} Ibid.: Report enclosed in F.O. to C.O., 5 March 1859. Printed in CRFI, p. 12.

^{page 88 note 4} Ibid.: F.O. to C.O., 21 April 1859. Printed in CRFI, p. 15.

^{page 88 note 5} Ibid.: Hammond to Merivale, 18 February 1859. Minute dated 28 February 1859.

^{page 88 note 6} Ibid.: Admiralty to C.O., 14 March 1859. Minute dated 17 March 1859.

^{page 88 note 7} Hansard's Parliamentary Debates, 3rd Series, ccxii (1872), col. 216. Debate in the House of Commons on the Fiji Islands, 25 June 1872.

^{page 88 note 8} Gladstone was then Chancellor of the Exchequer and very anxious to cut down expenditure on defence. In a private letter to Lord John Russell (P.R.O., G.D. 22/19, 22 August 1859) he referred to the burden of protecting the empire and thanked God that the Fiji Islands were not a British possession. This is the only letter in the Russell Papers in which Fiji is mentioned. It should be noted, however, that some months after this letter was written, Smythe was commissioned to make an inquiry.

^{page 88 note 9} The paucity of Lord John Russell's comments on Consul Pritchard's dispatches is remarkable. Nor was there anything about Fiji in the collected minutes and memoranda in the series F.O. 96 covering the period between 1858 and 1862. I have unfortunately not been able to see the Palmerston Papers.

^{page 88 note 10} C.O. 201/510: F.O. to C.O., 21 April 1859. Minute by Gairdner, dated 25 April 1859.

^{page 89 note 1} Received at the Colonial Office on 17 August 1861.

^{page 89 note 2} C.O. 83/1: Denison to Newcastle, Confidential, Sydney, 10 April 1860. Received at the C.O. on 18 June 1860. Printed in CRFI, pp. 20–1.

^{page 89 note 3} Ibid.; see minutes on Denison to Newcastle, Confidential, 10 April 1860.

^{page 89 note 4} See CRFI, pp. 18–19, and R. A. Derrick, A History of Fiji, pp. 143–4.

^{page 89 note 5} C.O. 83/1: C.O. to F.O., 31 July 1860. Printed in CRFI, pp. 19–20. Also F.O. to C.O., 31 August 1860 (with copy of dispatch from Russell to Pritchard, 20 August 1860), printed op. cit., p. 21.

^{page 90 note 1} C.O. 83/1: minute on F.O. to C.O., 31 August 1860. See draft dispatch Elliot to Denison, 4 September 1860.

^{page 90 note 2} Ibid.: Smythe to Under-Secretary C.O., Levuka, 9 November 1860. Received C.O. 18 February 1861. Printed in CRFI, p. 28.

^{page 90 note 3} Minutes on above.

^{page 90 note 4} C.O. 83/1: Smythe to Newcastle, 1 May 1861. Received C.O. 17 August 1861. Printed in CRFI, pp. 28–33.

^{page 90 note 5} Ibid.: Smythe to Newcastle, 1 May 1861. Minute by Newcastle, dated 26 August 1861.

^{page 90 note 6} Ibid.: Rogers to Hammond, 7 September 1861. Printed in CRFI, p. 23. The suggestion that Pritchard be removed was omitted from the Parliamentary Paper.

^{page 90 note 7} Ibid.: C.O. to Admiralty, 9 December 1861. Printed in CRFI, p. 24.

^{page 90 note 8} For draft of instructions see C.O. 201/510: Newcastle to Lt.-Col. Smythe, R.A., 23 December 1859. Printed in CRFI, pp. 24–7.

^{page 91 note 1} C.O. 83/1: F.O. to C.O., 2 July 1860. Printed in CRFI, p. 15.

^{page 91 note 2} Derrick,, op. cit., p. 184. In 1867 there were 831 foreign settlers, in 1868, 1,288, and by 1870 over 2,000. Some reasons for the great influx of immigrants were the depression in the Australian colonies, the spur to cotton cultivation by the American Civil War, and the discovery of gold in various parts of Fiji.

^{page 91 note 3} C.O. Confidential Print, Australian no. 33. Memo, by W. Dealtry on the proposed annexation of the Fiji Islands, 3 May 1873, in which the history of the question is given.

^{page 91 note 4} F.O. 58/118: March to Clarendon, no. 7, 31 March 1870 (transmitting memorials from chiefs and settlers).

^{page 91 note 5} Ibid.: March to Granville, Separate, 27 October 1870.

^{page 91 note 6} Derrick, op. cit., p. 191.

^{page 91 note 7} F.O. 58/118: March to Granville, Separate, 27 October 1870. The Commissioners Goodenough and Layard, however, considered that on the whole the planters treated their labourers well. See Report on the Cession of the Fiji Islands. [Cmd. 1011], p. 6 and p. 10. H.C. (1874). XLV, 323.

^{page 92 note 1} C.O. 201/554: F-O. to C.O., 2 February 1869.

^{page 92 note 2} G. E. Marindin, The Letters of Frederic, Lord Blachford, p. 299.

^{page 92 note 3} Ibid., p. 365: Rogers to Sir Henry Taylor, 9 December 1875.

^{page 92 note 4} Ibid., pp. 297–8.

^{page 92 note 5} Ibid., p. 130, and see letters of Rogers to Gladstone in the Gladstone Papers.

^{page 92 note 6} Comments by Kimberley in his Journal.

^{page 92 note 7} Marindin, p. 275: Rogers to Miss S. Rogers, 20 December 1868.

^{page 92 note 8} Ibid., p. 295.

^{page 93 note 1} C.O. 201/554: C.O. to F.O., 26 February 1869.

^{page 93 note 2} Ibid.: F.O. to C.O., 31 December 1869.

^{page 93 note 3} Minute on above.

^{page 93 note 4} C.O. 201/554: C.O. to F.O., 4 February 1870.

^{page 93 note 5} C.O. 209/211: Bowen to Granville, no. 57 of 20 May 1869. Received at the C.O. 9 August 1869.

^{page 93 note 6} C.O. 201/562. See minute on a private letter, filed as 6210 Australia, which was sent to the C.O. for information by the brother of Mr. Fison of Fiji. The letter was dated 27 August 1869, and referred to the troubled state of Fiji.

^{page 93 note 7} See below, p. 96.

^{page 94 note 1} C.O. 201/562. See minute on private letter, filed as 6210 Australia.

^{page 94 note 2} Ibid.

^{page 94 note 3} See below, p. 98 and pp. 102–3.

^{page 94 note 4} F.O. 58/118: March to Clarendon, no. 4, 31 March 1870. Received 14 July 1870.

^{page 94 note 5} Verdon was not a member of the Colonial Office as stated by Brookes, p. 367. See C.O. List, 1872, p. 332, for an account of his political career in Victoria. He was Treasurer of the Colony from 1860 to 1861 and 1863 to 1868. The fact that he was the Agent-General of the Colony of Victoria gave his proposal considerable importance. Ward (see p. 201) has repeated this mistake of Brookes.

^{page 94 note 6} C.O. 309/93: Kimberley to Canterbury, Confidential, 30 July 1870.

^{page 95 note 1} C.O. 309/94: Minute on dispatch, Canterbury to Kimberley, no. 132, 12 August 1870. Received C.O. 3 October 1870.

^{page 95 note 2} Gladstone Papers, lxxxii (44167): Granville to Gladstone, original, 30 June 1870.

^{page 95 note 3} C.O. 309/91: Minute on Canterbury to Granville, no. 212, 30 December 1869. Received 21 February 1870.

^{page 95 note 4} C.O. 309/94:. Minute on Canterbury to Kimberley, no. 132, 12 August 1870. Received at C.O. 3 October 1870.

^{page 95 note 5} P. Knaplund, Gladstone and Britain's Imperial Policy, p. 136.

^{page 95 note 6} C.O. 309/94: Canterbury to Kimberley, no. 132, 12 August 1870.

^{page 95 note 7} F.O. 58/129: Copy of private letter from Belmore to Kimberley, 1 December 1870.

^{page 96 note 1} Brookes, op. cit., p. 367.

^{page 96 note 2} C.O. 309/94: Kimberley to Canterbury, no. 17, 16 March 1871.

^{page 96 note 3} P.R.O., G.D. 29/66: Lowe to Granville, original, 15 June 1871.

^{page 96 note 4} C.O. 201/567: Treasury to C.O. ii July 1871.

^{page 96 note 5} It should be noted that Cowper had played a prominent part in the political life of New South Wales and had several times served as premier before accepting the office of Agent-General (C.O. List., 1875, pp. 284–5).

^{page 96 note 6} He entered the Colonial Office in February 1870 as Assistant Under-secretary and was appointed Under-Secretary of State on 21 May 1871 (Dictionary of National Biography, 2nd Supplement, i. 253).

^{page 96 note 7} C.O. 234/34: Labilliere to Carnarvon, 26 March 1874. Minute dated 5 April 1874.

^{page 96 note 8} See below, pp. 101 and 106.

^{page 96 note 9} Minute 8 May 1873 on F.O. to C.O., 5 May 1873 in C.O. 83/4.

^{page 96 note 10} When it was realized that the appeals to Britain, Germany and the United States had fallen on deaf ears, an attempt was made by a group of settlers to organize an efficient local government in the name of Thakombau.

^{page 97 note 1} C.O. 201/567. Minute dated 5 August 1871, on F.O. to C.O., Confidential, 31 July 1871. A circular dispatch of 3 November 1871 instructed the Australian governors to treat Thakombau's Government as a de facto authority.

^{page 97 note 2} Holland entered the C.O: as Legal Adviser, 8 January 1867; was promoted Assistant Under-Secretary March 1870; and resigned 3 August 1874.

^{page 97 note 3} C.O. 209/232: Minute dated 14 May 1874 on Ferguson to Carnarvon, no. 15 of 11 March 1874. He was sending the dispatch on to Herbert' as it is semi-political, rather than legal'.

^{page 97 note 4} See opinion of Rogers, quoted by Marindin, op. cit., p. 264, and S. H. Holland, In Black and White, p. 210.

^{page 97 note 5} See minutes, C.O. 201/579: Robinson to Carnarvon, no. 52 of 3 June 1875, and C.O. 201/580, Admiralty to C.O., 22 September 1875.

^{page 97 note 6} Minute on Stephen to Kimberley, no. 24 of 19 April 1872, in C.O. 201/569.

^{page 97 note 7} P.R.O., G.D. 29/62: Gladstone to Granville, original, 21 October 1873. His preference was for Granville's brother, Leveson, as Parliamentary Under-secretary for the Colonies: ‘So undoubtedly he would be a wiser Under-secretary for the Colonies—but then he would not with his views be able to talk the Bunkum in which, on that subject, the House too much delights.’

^{page 97 note 8} See below, pp. 98 and 101–2.

^{page 97 note 9} J. Morley, Recollections, ii. 247.

^{page 98 note 1} Kimberley Papers: Kimberley to R. Currie, 23 July 1870.

^{page 98 note 2} Kimberley Journal.

^{page 98 note 3} C.O. 209/230: Minute dated 5 October 1873 on Ferguson to Kimberley, no. 65, 1 August 1873.

^{page 98 note 4} See below.

^{page 98 note 5} Knaplund, op. dt., p. 137.

^{page 98 note 6} Gladstone Papers, cxxxix: Kimberley to Gladstone, original, 26 July 1871.

^{page 98 note 7} Original in Kimberley Papers, 27 July 1871. Copy in Gladstone Papers, cdlv.

^{page 98 note 8} Gladstone Papers, 44639: Cabinet Minute, 29 July 1871: ‘Fiji Islands. Favourable to incorporation with N.S.W. but wait for colonial initiative.’

^{page 98 note 9} C.O. 201/563: Kimberley to Belmore, 10 August 1871.

^{page 98 note 10} This suggestion was very curious in view of the instability of the Hawaiian Government. Brookes does not refer to this proposal by the Hawaiian Consul-General.

^{page 99 note 1} C.O. 201/564: Belmore to Kimberley, no. 128 of 9 August 1871. Received C.O. 9 October 1871.

^{page 99 note 2} J. M. Ward, British Policy in the South Pacific, 1786–1893, pp. 201–2: ‘… a mere attempt to fob off New South Wales objections to British inactivity in Fiji and to the British recognition of the new government established in Fiji in June 1871’.

^{page 99 note 3} C.O. 201/564: Minute by Herbert on Belmore to Kimberley, no. 128, 9 August 1871.

^{page 99 note 4} Gladstone Papers, 44639: Cabinet of 27 October 1871: ‘Feejee Islands. Tell N.S. Wales if they like to frame a plan for annexing, we will entertain it; with proper native control.’ At another Cabinet meeting on 31 October the draft dispatch was approved.

^{page 99 note 5} C.O. 201/569: Acting Governor Sir Alfred Stephen to Kimberley, no. 24. 19 April 1872. Received at the C.O. 20 June 1872.

^{page 99 note 6} C.O. 201/563: Belmore to Kimberley, no. 45, 6 April 1871. Received at C.O. 17 June 1871. Sir James Martin had objected in his dispatch to the Charter granted to European residents to organize a municipal government at Levuka. Kimberley's minute on this dispatch was dated 27 June 1871. See also C.O. 201/569: Belmore to Kimberley, no. 5, 24 January 1872. Received at C.O. 23 March 1872, for objections of New South Wales to recognition of the Government organized in June 1871 for all Fiji.

^{page 100 note 1} Hansard, 3rd Series, ccxii (1872). Debate on 25 June 1872.

^{page 100 note 2} Ibid., 205–11.

^{page 100 note 3} Ibid., 215–17.

^{page 100 note 4} C.O. 83/2: Thurston to Hugessen, Levuka, 24 June 1872.

^{page 100 note 5} P.R.O., G.D. 29/55: Original. Kimberley to Granville, 15 October 1872.

^{page 101 note 1} F.O. 58/120: March to Granville, no. 8 of 7 July 1871 and Ibid., minute on no. 32 of 30 December 1871, for Granville's statement that a naval officer had informed him ‘that Mr. March had so ludicrously high an opinion of the importance of his position that he has made everybody hostile to him’.

^{page 101 note 2} C.O. 201/573: Robinson to Kimberley, Telegram, 20 February 1873. Received C.O. 23 February 1873.

^{page 101 note 3} Ibid.: minute dated 24 February 1873.

^{page 101 note 4} Ibid.: minute dated 24 February 1873.

^{page 101 note 5} Today the principal exports are sugar, gold and copra, the first being by far the most valuable (C.O. List, 1948, p. 98). Indian labourers were imported for the sugar plantations. The census of 3 October 1946 revealed that the Indians numbered 120,414, whereas there were only 118,083 native Fijians. The numerical inferiority of the other groups may be gathered from the fact that the total population was 259,638 (C.O. List, 1948, p. 95).

^{page 101 note 6} From a study of minutes on Natal dispatches.

^{page 101 note 7} E. A. Walker, A History of South Africa, 2nd ed., p. 363; and the Cambridge History of the British Empire, viii. 549–50.

^{page 101 note 8} Kimberley to Gladstone, 24 February 1873: original in Gladstone Papers and copy in Kimberley Papers.

^{page 102 note 1} The Kidnapping Act, 1872.

^{page 102 note 2} Kimberley Journal: entry dated 13 March 1873, ‘Gladstone seems utterly weary of office, and few of us I think will be sorry for rest.’

^{page 102 note 3} Ibid.: entry dated 1 January 1873.

^{page 102 note 4} Kimberley Papers: Gladstone to Kimberley, original, 26 February 1873, and copy in Gladstone Papers, cdlvii. The date is definitely 1873 and not 1871 as stated by Knaplund, op. tit., p. 137. Also note Ward's error in citing Morrell, instead of Knaplund, for this date (Ward, op cit., p. 240).

^{page 102 note 5} Gladstone Papers: Kimberley to Gladstone, original, 26 February 1873.

^{page 102 note 6} Kimberley Papers: Gladstone to Kimberley, 26 February 1873. Copy in Gladstone Papers.

^{page 102 note 7} Gladstone Papers: Kimberley to Gladstone, original, 25 February 1873.

^{page 102 note 8} Kimberley Papers: Granville to Kimberley, 26 February 1873.

^{page 102 note 9} Ibid.: note by Kimberley, dated 27 February 1873.

^{page 102 note 10} C.O. 201/573: Robinson to Kimberley, no. 10, 20 February 1873, enclosing letter from Thurston.

^{page 102 note 11} Gladstone Papers, cxl: Kimberley to Gladstone, original, 30 April 1873.

^{page 103 note 1} Kimberley Papers: Gladstone to Kimberley, original, 8 May 1873. Copy in Gladstone Papers, cdlvii.

^{page 103 note 2} Kimberley Papers: Gladstone to Kimberley, original, 9 May 1873. Copy in Gladstone Papers, cdlvii.

^{page 103 note 3} Ibid., original, 29 May 1873. Copy in Gladstone Papers, cdlvii.

^{page 103 note 4} C.O. Confidential Print, Australian no. 35. Memorandum written by March on 7 May 1873.

^{page 103 note 5} C.O. 83/4: minute on F.O. to C.O., 13 May 1873.

^{page 103 note 6} Ibid.: minute dated 15 May 1873.

^{page 103 note 7} Gladstone Papers, 44641: Cabinet meeting, 7 June 1873. ‘Recognition to stand No. 1.’

^{page 103 note 8} Hansard, 3rd Series, ccxvi (1873), 945–53. Debate on 13 June 1873.

^{page 103 note 9} Letter Addressed to Goodenough and Layard. [Cmd. 983] H.C. (1874). XLV, 297. The Instructions, though finally dated 9 August 1873, were based on a memorandum drafted by Kimberley as early as 10 June. (Gladstone Papers, cxl: Kimberley to Gladstone, 10 June 1873.)

^{page 103 note 10} Gladstone Papers, cxl: Kimberley to Gladstone, 30 July 1873.

^{page 103 note 11} Ward, op. dt., p. 249. Professor Ward has also criticized the appointment of Goodenough and Layard on the ground that they were not competent for the task, but the latter certainly had more to commend him-than the fact that he was ‘a marine biologist of some distinction’ (pp. 249–50). At the time when he became Consul for Fiji, he had nearly twenty-seven years in the public service behind him (F.O. List., 1874, pp. 128–9). When Sir George Grey returned to New Zealand in 1861 for a second term as Governor, Layard accompanied him as Private Secretary, and he had taken the opportunity, as he later told Kimberley, of making a special study of tribal land tenure (C.O. 83/4: F.O. to C.O., 11 July 1873. See minutes by Kimberley). Sub-sequently as Arbitrator to the tribunals, established at the Cape for the suppression of the slave trade, he had gained useful experience for serving on a commission of inquiry (F.O. List, 1874).

^{page 104 note 1} C.O. Confidential Print: Australian no. 36. Memo, dated 19 May 1873.

^{page 104 note 2} C.O. 83/7: Sir A. Gordon to Carnarvon, no. 108 of 4 December 1875. See minutes by Malcolm, dated 22 February 1876.

^{page 104 note 3} Ward, op. dt., p. 249.

^{page 104 note 4} C.O. 201/573: Robinson to Kimberley, Confidential, 27 January 1873.

^{page 104 note 5} P.R.O., G.D. 6/51: private memorandum by Carnarvon.

^{page 105 note 1} As Derrick apparently does. See op. cit., p. 246.

^{page 105 note 2} Formerly First Lord of the Admiralty.

^{page 105 note 3} G.D. 6/44: Copies of letters from Goodenough to Goschen, dated 2 December 1873 and 27 December 1873.

^{page 105 note 4} C.O. 537/115: telegram from Carnarvon to Robinson for transmission to Goodenough, dated 23 February 1874; cp. Brookes, op. cit., p. 388, where the date is given as 23 March 1874. It is therefore possible that the Commissioners received the telegram before March 20 (when the offer of cession was at last obtained) but ignored it.

^{page 105 note 5} G.D. 6/8: Derby to Carnarvon, original, 23 February 1874.

^{page 105 note 6} F.O. 58/142: Layard to Granville (sic). Political no. 1, 17 March 1874. Received F.O. 5 May 1874.

^{page 105 note 7} See Derrick, op. cit., ch. xxi, pp. 237–41.

^{page 105 note 8} C.O. 83/5: minutes on Thurston to Secretary of State. Received at the C.O. 10 March 1874.

^{page 105 note 9} C.O. 83/5: Goodenough and Layard to Secretary of State, 20 March 1874. Received in the first week of May 1874.

^{page 106 note 1} G.D. 6/5: Carnarvon to G. Ward Hunt, copy, 5 November 1874.

^{page 106 note 2} Report on the Cession of the Fiji Islands. [Cmd. 1011], p. 20. H.C. (1874). XLV, 323.

^{page 106 note 3} C.O. 83/5: Goodenough and Layard to Secretary of State, 20 March 1874. Minute by Herbert, dated 5 May 1874.

^{page 106 note 4} Robinson to Herbert, 11 April 1874. Extract made by Carnarvon, in G.D. 6/51. See above, p. 104.

^{page 106 note 5} Sir Arthur Hardinge, The Fourth Earl of Carnarvon, ii. 74.

^{page 106 note 6} See Memoranda in G.D. 6/51.

^{page 106 note 7} C.O. 201/571: Circular Dispatch to Governors of Australian Colonies, 14 August 1872.

^{page 106 note 8} C.O. 309/110: Bowen to Kimberley, Confidential, 9 September 1873.

^{page 106 note 9} Gladstone's description. See above, p. 103.

^{page 107 note 1} See below, p. 108. In their Report, the Commissioners estimated that there was a total native population of 140,500 and a European population of 1,786 (Cmd. 1011, p. 70). The approximate area of lands held and leased by foreign residents was given as 854,956 acres of a total area of 4,738,350 acres—i.e. 18.04% (Ibid., P. 55).

^{page 107 note 2} Cmd. 1011, p. 6 and p. 10.

^{page 107 note 3} See Derrick, A History of Fiji.

^{page 107 note 4} C.O. List, 1875, p. 55. Number of cannibals estimated at 20,000.

^{page 107 note 5} See Memoranda in G.D. 6/51.

^{page 107 note 6} See above, pp. 101–2.

^{page 107 note 7} See Memoranda in G.D. 6/51. (The memoranda referred to are not dated but were apparently written in June 1874.)

^{page 107 note 8} See above, p. 88.

^{page 107 note 9} C.O. 201/574: Robinson to Kimberley, Telegram, 14 October 1873. Minute by Herbert, 15 October 1873.

^{page 107 note 10} C.O. 537/115: Carnarvon to Robinson, Telegram, 25 August 1874. See also p. 108.

^{page 107 note 11} C.O. 209/232: Fergusson to Carnarvon, no. 27, 13 April 1874. Received at C.O. 10 June 1874. Herbert (Minute of 11 June 1874) was tempted to advise acceptance. ‘New Zealand might be able to govern Fiji better and more cheaply than this country could.’ On second thoughts he preferred ‘a strong Crown Colony Govt.’

^{page 108 note 1} C.O. 537/115: Robinson to Carnarvon, Telegram, 21 July 1874. Received at the C.O. 22 July 1874.

^{page 108 note 2} The colonies concerned were New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and New Zealand.

^{page 108 note 3} C.O. Confidential Print, Australian. no. 49, p. 81: circular dispatch to Governors of Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and New Zealand, dated 9 July 1875, informing them that the Imperial Government had made financial provision for Fiji.

^{page 108 note 4} Hardinge, op. cit., ii. 132: Lord Carnarvon to the Queen, 13 July 1874, giving reasons for annexation.

^{page 108 note 5} Hansard, 3rd Series, ccxxi. 182–7.

^{page 108 note 6} Ibid., ccxxi. 1282–7.

^{page 108 note 7} Hardinge, op. cit., ii. 74.

^{page 108 note 8} C.O. 537/115: Carnarvon to Robinson, Telegram, 10 August 1874. It had been drafted a month before. See G.D. 6/11: Carnarvon to Disraeli, 9 July 1874, asking approval of the draft.

^{page 108 note 9} C.O. Confidential Print, Australian no. 44, p. 7. See pp. 5–7 for notes of a conversation between Robinson and Thakombau on 25 September 1874. Robinson shared Thakombau's views. ‘I am sorry to say that all experience teaches us that when white men settle down in a place of this sort the natives are unable to protect themselves until some strong civilized Government is established’ (p. 6). Derrick (p. 248) cites C. F. Gordon-Cumming, At Home in Fiji (Edinburgh, 1881), for a report of this conversation.

^{page 109 note 1} F.O. 58/142: Layard to Derby, Political no. 10, 10 October 1874.

^{page 109 note 2} Gladstone Papers, cxl: Kimberley to Gladstone, original, 4 November 1874.

^{page 109 note 3} G.D. 6/39: Gordon to Carnarvon, Private and Confidential, 1 November 1874.

^{page 109 note 4} See above, p. 103.

^{page 109 note 5} Hansard, 3rd Series, ccxxi. 1286.

^{page 110 note 1} C.O. 201/580: reply attached to memorial from Royal Colonial Institute, 29 April 1875.

^{page 110 note 2} C.O. 83/3: minute by Carnarvon, dated 1 November 1874, on F.O. to C.O., 21 March 1873. (Kimberley had wished the matter to stand over till a decision was taken regarding Fiji.) Rotumah was annexed in 1880.