Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-m8s7h Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T10:43:32.178Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Concept of Partnership in the Central African Federation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2009

Henry S. Albinski
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The tide of events is increasingly pushing away those stereotypes which depict Africa as a continent of passive, ignorant men and of primitive socio-political organization. “Host to a variety of social, economic, and intellectual stimuli, Africa finds its destiny directed into new and uneasy patterns,” one student has observed. “Such a process is a challenge to Western political practice and belief. Can the content and structures of democratic popular government serve as a medium of reintegration for the many peoples of Africa as they seek to modify their activities and their aspirations in the light of modern practice?”

Type
Research Article
Information
The Review of Politics , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , April 1957 , pp. 186 - 204
Copyright
Copyright © University of Notre Dame 1957

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Apter, David E., The Gold Coast in Transition (Princeton, 1955), p. 3.Google Scholar

2 For an able and concise discussion of colonial policies in Africa, see Robinson, Kenneth, “Colonial Issues and Policies with Special Reference to Tropical Africa,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 298 (03 1955), 84–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

3 The interested reader will find a useful selection of statements on British colonial policy and attitudes in Hansard Society, Problems of Parliamentary Government in the Colonies (London, 1953), Appendix C, pp. 116–131.Google Scholar

4 Traditional usage in Africa refers to whites as “Europeans” and to blacks as “Africans” or “Natives,” even though a European may be native to Africa and is permanently settled there. Asiatics and people of mixed blood, or “Coloreds,” are not significant elements in Central Africa, although they slightly outnumber the small European population in Nyasaland. In Kenya, individuals of Indian origin are about three times as numerous as are the European settlers, who number 42,000.

5 Coleman, James S., “The Emergence of African Political Parties,” in Haines, C. Grove, ed., Africa Today (Baltimore, 1955), pp. 251–252.Google Scholar

6 The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is not, of course, an independent nation-state, the United Kingdom holding final authority on most legislative subjects not only in the Federation, but in its component parts, i.e. Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland as well. The complete Constitution of the Federation is reproduced in The Federal Scheme (London: H.M.S.O., 1953). Cmd. 8754/1953Google Scholar

7 These estimates are as of June 1954. Contained in Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Monthly Digest of Statistics, Vol. I, no. 10 (Salisbury: Central African Statistical Office, 1955), p. 17.Google Scholar

8 In 1938, the total European population stood at 76,000. By 1946 it had risen to 107,000. This and other demographic data is contained in Central African Territories: Geographical, Historical and Economic Survey (London: H.M.S.O., 1951). Cmd. 8234/1951, esp. pp. 13–16.Google Scholar

9 SirLugard, F. D., The Dual Mandate in Tropical Africa (2nd ed.; Edinburgh and London, 1923), p. 617.Google Scholar

10 Indians in Kenya, A Memorandum (London: H.M.S.O., 1923).Google Scholar Cmd. 122/1923, p. 9. My italics.

11 Rhodesia-Nyasaland Royal Commission Report (London: H.M.S.O., 1939).Google Scholar Cmd. 5949/1939. See especially Chapter XVIII, pp. 212–239 for the conclusions reached by the Commission.

12 Southern Rhodesia was awarded the status of a self-governing colony in 1923. Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia became British Protectorates in 1891 and 1924, respectively. For a good historical survey of the Central African territories, see Cmd. 8234/1951, op. cit., esp. pp. 9–12.Google Scholar A broader and somewhat more “popular” historical survey may be found in Bate, H. Maclear, Report from the Rhodesias (London, 1953), passim.Google Scholar

13 Speech delivered on December 14, 1946. Quoted in Hinden, Rita, Empire and After (London, 1949).Google Scholar My italics. The book carries a provocative account of British Colonial policy written with a Socialist bias. For the period of 1919–1949, consult pp. 113–193.

14 Some good sources which explain the economic reasons behind federation are Shaul, J. R. H., “What Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland Bring to the Federation,” Federated Rhodesia Nyasaland (Salisbury: The Proprietors of the Rhodesian Graphic, 1954), esp. p. 66Google Scholar; Hance, William A., “Economic Potentialities of the Central African Federation,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. LXIX, no. 1 (03, 1954), 29–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Times (London), 01 22, 1952.Google Scholar

15 For some brief yet revealing observations on Huggins and Welensky, see Gunther, John, Inside Africa (London, 1955), pp. 589–596.Google Scholar Welensky's biography is presented in Taylor, Don, The Rhodesian (London, 1955), passim.Google Scholar

16 As quoted from an interview held with Bate, H. Maclear, cited in Bate, , op. cit., p. 26.Google Scholar

17 Hinden, , op. cit., p. 179.Google Scholar

18 Central African Territories: Report on Conference on Closer Association (London: H.M.S.O., 1951). Cmd. 8233/1951, p. 9.Google Scholar

19 House of Commons Debates, 5th Series, Vol. 494, col. 392, 11 21, 1951.Google Scholar

20 The Confederate Party drew heavily on the not inconsiderable Afrikaaner element settled in Central Africa. The present estimated Afrikaaner distribution is as follows: Northern Rhodesia, 30%; Southern Rhodesia, 13%; Nyasaland, negligible. Source: Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland Newsletter, 37/54, 09 25, 1954, p. 2.Google Scholar The figures were supplied by W. V. Brelsford, Director of the Federal Information Dept.

21 Palmer, Ralph D., Southern Rhodesia, Debates of the Legislative Assembly, Vol. 35, no. 41, col. 2373, 11 9, 1954.Google Scholar

22 House of Commons Debates, 5th Series, Vol. 504, col. 798, 07 24, 1952.Google Scholar

23 From the statement of the Action Committee of the Federal Party in Northern Rhodesia, October, 1953. Cited in East African and Rhodesia, Vpl, 30, no. 1513 (10 8, 1953), 138.Google Scholar

24 From an address by Welensky before the inaugural congress of the Federal Party, held at Salisbury, August 7 and 8, 1953. Cited in Minutes thereof, mimeo, p. 3f.Google Scholar

25 From “African Opportunity,” published by the United Central African Association, London Committee. Cited in East Africa and Rhodesia, Vol. 29, no. 1483 (03 12, 1953), 889.Google Scholar

26 Southern Rhodesia, Debates of the Legislative Assembly, Vol. 32, part II, col. 3539, 11 19, 1951.Google Scholar

27 For a useful survey of the Confederate and Federal Party programs, see Times (London), 10 23, 1953.Google Scholar The election is reviewed in Dvorin, Eugene P., “Central Africa's First Federal Election: Background and Issues,” Western Political Quarterly, Vol. VII, no. 3 (09, 1954), 369–390.Google Scholar

28 African grievances are well summarized in memorials addressed to the London Times. See issues of April 29, 1952, and of February 5, 1953. For a discussion of certain aspects of African leadership, see Cole, David, “How Strong is the African National Congress?” New Commonwealth, Vol. 27, no. 1 (01 4, 1954), 5–9.Google Scholar The nature of African opinion in general is critically discussed in Times (London), 08 30, 1952Google Scholar, and in Macmillan, W. M., “Africans and Federation,” Spectator, Vol. 189, no. 6483 (09 26, 1952), esp. p. 385.Google Scholar A good summation of the anti-federationist forces in the United Kingdom may be read in Jones, A. Creech, African Challenge—the Fallacy of Federation (London, 1952).Google Scholar

29 From a letter to the Central African Post. Cited in “What is Partnership,” Venture, Vol. 3, no. 12 (01, 1952), 6.Google Scholar

30 E. A. Muwamba. Nyasaland Legislative Council, Record of Proceedings, 67th Session, p. 49, 12 17, 1951.Google Scholar

31 Northern Rhodesia, Debates of the Legislative Council, no. 68, col. 218, 06 12, 1950.Google Scholar

32 Savanhu, J. Z., “Challenge to Sir Roy Welensky,” New Commonwealth, Vol. 28, no. 1 (07 8, 1954), 9.Google Scholar

33 On the problem of party-making in the Federation, see the discussion of Moffat, John, in East Africa and Rhodesia, Vol. 30, no. 1557 (08 12, 1954), 1607.Google Scholar

34 Benjamin Baron. Southern Rhodesia, Debates of the Legislative Assembly, Vol. 35, no. 39, col. 2257, 11 4, 1954.Google Scholar

35 Walker, Gordon. House of Commons Debates, 5th Series, Vol. 515, col. 437, 05 6, 1953.Google Scholar

36 For a general review of the subject of African advancement, see Amery, L. S., “Selective Advancement as the Key to African Problems,” Optima, Vol. 4, no. 3 (09, 1954)Google Scholar, passim. Early progress under federation is treated in SirRennie, Gilbert, “The First Year of Federation,” African Studies, Vol. 54, no. 214 (01, 1955), 18–27.Google Scholar (Text of a speech delivered before the Royal African and Royal Empire Societies in London, October 7, 1954.)