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WAYWARD VOICES: CHORUS, IMPROVISATION AND UPHEAVAL IN …(IPHIGENIA)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2024

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Extract

Iphigenia is the archetype of virgin sacrifice, a daughter dispossessed of her voice and body, killed for the gods, the father and the nation. From Euripides to Racine, from Gluck's opera to Cacoyannis's film, across time and media, Iphigenia has embodied the paradox of a voice that emerges as the condition of its annihilation. Hers is a choiceless choice: to consent to her sacrifice with varying degrees of fervor and possible rationales, to submit to an economy the terms of which are set by capricious gods, a reckless king, a pusillanimous father and a masculine military baying for blood. The daughter embraces her death so that the father's reputation remains intact, so that no more lives are lost in vain, so that the army can set sail. Iphigenia's sacrifice is a familiar cultural script regarding the transactional value of girls under patriarchy. Her sacrifice is the price of entry into a ‘hero-industrial complex’ that positions her simultaneously as protagonist and victim, savior and scapegoat.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

1. For a mention of the ‘hero-industrial complex’ in the context of …(Iphigenia), see ArtsEmerson (2021).

2. Parr (2021), 95.

3. Rancière (2010), 46.

4. esperanza spalding's words, uttered at ‘The Performance of Labor and the Labor of Performance’ (Cal Performances and The Black Studies Collaboratory [2022]).

5. Shorter's definition of improvisation is reported by esperanza spalding in Cal Performances and The Black Studies Collaboratory (2022).

6. See Telò's piece in this special issue on this point.

7. Hartman (2019).

8. Hartman (2008), 3.

9. Hartman (2019), 283.

10. Hartman (2019), 348.

11. Hartman (2019), 284.

12. Hartman (2019), 279.

13. Hartman (2019), 284.

14. Rancière (2010), 46.

15. Hartman (2019), 217.

16. spalding (2021), ‘Formwela 7’.

17. Hartman (2019), 248.