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Excavations at a Neolithic Cursus, Springfield, Essex, 1979–85

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

D. G. Buckley ,
J. D. Hedges ,
N. Brown ,
E. Healey ,
L. Hurcombe ,
M. Kelly ,
H. Major ,
B. Milton ,
P. Murphy  and
T. P. O'Connor
...Show all authors
D. G. Buckley
Affiliation:
Heritage Conservation, Essex County Council, County Hall, Chelmsford CM1 1QH
J. D. Hedges
Affiliation:
Laurel Bank, Stocks Lane, Halifax
N. Brown
Affiliation:
Heritage Conservation, Essex County Council, County Hall, Chelmsford CM1 1QH
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Abstract

A long cropmark enclosure at Springfield, Essex, interpreted as a Neolithic cursus, was investigated betwee 1979–85 to confirm its date and establish a site sequence. The enclosure was c. 690 m long and 37–49 m wide the ditch being uninterrupted in all areas examined, features within the interior at the eastern end included a incomplete ring of substantial post-pits which it is suggested originally formed a complete circle. Peterborou pottery, predominately Mortlake style, Grooved Ware, a small amount of Beaker pottery, earlier Bronze Age urn sherds, and flint artefacts of the late 3rd-early 2nd millennium were recovered from the cursus ditch an other features. Collectively the evidence indicates a prolonged period of use. The results of the excavations a described, the site is discussed in its local and regional context and the implications of the excavation for our understanding of cursus monuments are considered.

Résumé

A Springfield, Essex, un long enclos décelable grâce aux cultures et identifié comme étant une allée empierrée du Néolothique a été étudié entre 1979 et 1985 pour en confirmer la date et établir une séquence d'occupation du site. L'enclos mesurait environ 690 m. de long et entre 37 et 49 m. de large, le fossé était ininterrompu dans toutes les zones étudiées. Parmi les vestiges découverts à l'intérieur on compte, à l'extrémité est, un anneau incomplet de trous de poteaux substantiels qui, suggère-t-on, formait à l'origine un cercle complet. De la poterie de Peterborough, essentiellement des vases rubanés de style Mortlake, une petite quantité de poterie des peuples à vases, des tessons d'urne datant du début de l'âge du bronze, et des objets manufacturés en silex de la fin du 3ème et du début du 2ème millénaire ont été récupérés dans le fossé de l'enclos et à d'autres endroits. Collectivement, ces vestiges témoignent d'une période d'occupation prolongée. On décrit les résultats des fouilles, on détermine l'importance du site dans le contexte local et régional et on considère les implications de ces fouilles pour notre compréhension des enceintes à allées empiérrées.

Zusammenfassung

Zwischen 1979 und 1985 wurde eine längliche Erntemarkierungsumfassung in Springfield, Essex, die bereits als neolithische Kreisgrabenanlage interpretiert worden war, untersucht. Dabei sollte zum einen die Datierung sichergestellt und zum anderen die genaue Abfolge festgelegt werden. Die Umfassung war circa 690 m lang und 37-49 m breit, und der Graben war in allen untersuchten Bereichen nicht unterbrochen. Am inneren östlichen Ende der Anlage fanden sich Strukturen eines unvollständigen Rings von umfangreichen Pfostengruben, die ursprünglich wahrscheinlich einen kompletten Kreis gebildet haben. Im und beim Kreisgraben konnten Peterborough Keramik, vornehmlich im Mortlake Stil, Rillenverzierte Ware, eine kleine Anzahl Glockenbecher Keramik, Urnenscherben aus der frühen Bronzezeit, und Silex Artefakte des späten 3. bis frühen 2. Jahrtausends geborgen werden. Alle diese Nachweise sprechen für eine ausgedehnte zeitliche Nutzung der Anlage. Weiterhin werden die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen beschrieben, die Fundstelle in ihrem lokalen und regionalen Kontext diskutiert und die Bedeutung dieser Ausgrabungen für unser Verständnis der Kreisgrabenanlagen herausgestellt.

Resúmen

Entre 1979 y 1985 se procedió a la investigación de una marca agrícola de gran extensión en Springfield, Essex, interpretada como un cursus neolítico, con el fin de confirmar su datación y establecer una secuencia para el yacimiento. El recinto medía aproximadamente 690 m de largo y 37-49 m de ancho, con una zanja continua en todas las zonas examinadas. En la zona este, los hallazgos en su interior incluyen un círculo de hoyos incompleto. En este trabajo sugerimos que originariamente este círculo fue un círculo completo. De la zanja del cursus y de los otros contextos se recobró cerámica Peterborough, predominantemente del estilo Mortlake, cerámica del tipo “Grooved Ware”, pequeñas cantidades de cerámica campaniforme, restos de urnas de la Primera Edad del Bronce, y útiles de sílex de finales del tercer o principios del segundo milenio aC. El conjunto de la evidencia indica un largo periodo de utilización del yacimiento. Este trabajo describe los resultados de las excavaciones, considera el sito en su contexto regional y local junto con las implicaciones de la excavación para nuestra comprensión de monumentos del tipo cursus.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 67 , 2001 , pp. 101 - 162
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 2001

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References

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