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Oxidant stress: the role of nutrients in cell-lipoprotein interactions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Denis Blache ,
Laurence Gesquière ,
Nadine Loreau  and
Phillipe Durand
Laurence Gesquière
Affiliation:
INSERM U498, Biochimie des Lipoprotéines et Interactions Vasculaires, Université de Bourgogne, 21033-Dijon, France
Nadine Loreau
Affiliation:
INSERM U498, Biochimie des Lipoprotéines et Interactions Vasculaires, Université de Bourgogne, 21033-Dijon, France
Phillipe Durand
Affiliation:
INSERM U498, Biochimie des Lipoprotéines et Interactions Vasculaires, Université de Bourgogne, 21033-Dijon, France
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Abstract

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Oxidant stress is increasingly becoming an important hypothesis to explain the genesis of several pathologies, including cancer, atherosclerosis and also ageing. Beside a few rare genetic defects, dietary factors are thought to play a key role in the regulation of the production of reactive oxygenated species. An imbalance between nutrients, and in particular those involved in antioxidant status, could explain the onset of an enhanced production of free radicals. We will briefly review information concerning oxidation of lipids and lipoproteins which lead to atherothrombosis. We also present new findings supporting a role for blood platelets in generating oxidant species. New data are also described concerning the role of oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol, oxysterols, in cellular cholesterol efflux and NO production. Also, new developments relating to the influence of direct effects of free radicals on cellular cholesterol homeostasis are presented. Finally, the in vitro effects of butyrate, a natural short-chain fatty acid produced by bacterial fermentation, in the protection against free radical-mediated cytotoxicity are discussed. These data provide information on the mechanisms of dietary antioxidants in preventing oxidant stress.Résumé Au côté des rares cas d’origine génétique, les facteurs nutritionnels (déséquilibres alimentaires, déficience en nutriments antioxydants) jouent des rôles cruciaux dans la modulation de la production d’espèces actives de l’oxygène, conduisant à l’établissement d’un stress oxydant, situation métabolique de plus en plus reconnue comme susceptible d’être à l’origine de nombreuses pathologies comme les cancers, l’athérosclérose et également le vieillissement. Après avoir brièvement rappelé les données concernant l’oxydation des lipides et des lipoprotéines susceptibles de conduire au développement de l’athéro-thrombogenèse, nous présentons des données récentes et originales indiquant que les plaquettes sont en fait capables à l’instar d’autres cellules, de produire des formes actives de l’oxygène susceptibles de modifier les LDL. Des résultats originaux sont également exposés concernant l’effets des oxystérols, produits d’oxydation du cholestérol générés au cours de l’oxydation des LDL ou présents dans l’alimentation, sur deux paramètres importants comme l’efflux du cholestérol cellulaire et la production de monoxyde d’azote. De plus, des données nouvelles relatives à l’effets du stress oxydant et son inhibition par des antioxydants d’origine nutritionnelle sont exposées sur l’homéostasie du cholestérol cellulaire. Enfin, dans ce contexte, les effets potentiellement antiathérogènes d’un acide gras à courte chaîne produit par la fermentation bactérienne, le butyrate, sont décrits sur la protection de cellules en culture vis-à-vis d’un stress oxydant in vitro. Ces éléments contribuent à apporter de nouvelles informations renforçant la notion de fonctionnalité des nutriments dans la protection du stress oxydant en relation avec la pathogenèse.

Keywords

Oxidative stressLipoproteinsPlateletsVascular smooth muscleButyrate
Type
Symposium on ‘Functionality of nutrients and food safety’
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 58 , Issue 3 , August 1999 , pp. 559 - 563
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

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