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Remarks by Mariana Durney
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 March 2021
Extract
I will take Karen's challenging question about the goals of a multilateral institution as the starting point for analyzing whether the promise of multilateralism in Latin America has been honored, if the current crisis is related to those goals (or their absence), and whether multilateralism still holds any promise for the future. In my analysis, key elements of Ruggie's definition (institutional form, coordination, generalized principles) will also be at stake. Thus, objectives and principles are at the center of this discussion.
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- The Promise of Multilateralism in Latin America
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- Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The American Society of International Law.
References
1 John Ruggie, Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution, in Multilateralism Matters 11 (John Ruggie ed., 1993).
2 Gabriella Blum, Bilateralism, Multilateralism, and the Architecture of International Law, 49 Harv. Int'l L.J. 323, 331–32 (2008).
3 Gustavo Fernández Saavedra, La Crisis de la Integración Regional, in Desenvolvimento e Cooperação na América Latina: A Urgência de Uma Estratégia Renovada, at 597 (Enrique García ed., 2020).
4 See Alberto van Klaveren, La Crisis del Multilateralismo y América Latina, 10 Análisis Carolina 1, 3–8 (Mar. 2020), available at https://doi.org/10.33960/AC_10.2020.
5 Juan Gabriel Tokatlian, América Latina y la doble dependencia, in Desenvolvimento e Cooperação na América Latina: A Urgência de Uma Estratégia Renovada, supra note 3. See also Carlos Malamud, El nuevo contexto político de América Latina y su relación complicada con el mundo, in Desenvolvimento e Cooperação na América Latina: A Urgência de Uma Estratégia Renovada, supra note 3, at 111.
6 Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de nuestra América – Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America, at http://www.portalalba.org.
7 Unión de Naciones Suramericanas - Union of South American Nations, at https://www.unasursg.org.
8 The crisis in Venezuela also affected this Institution and divided its members, according their support or rejection to the Maduro regime. The members could not reach consensus on the next Secretary General (after the expiration of the term of the former one) and finally nine UNASUR members have suspended or withdrawal from it.
9 Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños- Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, at http://celacinternational.org/celac-2-2.
10 Eric Emmanuel Duarte Gamboa, La CELAC en el nuevo escenario regional, Revista Foreign Affairs Latinoameric, (Feb. 6, 2019), at http://revistafal.com/la-celac-en-el-nuevo-escenario-regional.
11 EU-CELAC regular region-to-region summits are suspended, although there have been EU-CELAC ministerial meetings, the last one, in 2018. European Council, EU-CELAC Ministerial Meeting, 16– 17 July 2018, at https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/international-ministerial-meetings/2018/07/16-17.
13 Saavedra, supra note 4, at 598.
14 Mercado Común del Sur – Southern Common Market, at https://www.mercosur.int.
15 See also Carlos Malamud, El nuevo contexto político de América Latina y su relación complicada con el mundo, in Desenvolvimento e Cooperação na América Latina: A Urgência de Uma Estratégia Renovada, supra note 3, at 107.
16 Roman Lejtman, Mercosur Political Crisis: Argentina Suspends Its Share of Disputes with Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, Infobae (Apr. 24, 2020), at https://www.infobae.com/politica/2020/04/25/crisis-politica-en-el-mercosur-argentina-suspende-su-participacion-por-diferencias-con-brasil-paraguay-y-uruguay; Argentina Suspends Participation in Mercosur Trade Bloc, Europost (Apr. 26, 2020), at https://europost.eu/en/a/view/argentina-suspends-participation-in-mercosur-trade-bloc-28410. However, Argentina explicitly announced her intention of continuing the negotiation Mercosur-EU: EEAS Press Release, Argentina: Statement by the Spokesperson on the Commitment to Continue Negotiations on the EU-Mercosur Association Agreement (Apr. 28, 2020), at https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/78145/argentina-statement-spokesperson-commitment-continue-negotiations-eu-mercosur-association_en.
17 Jenny Gonzales, World's Biggest Trade Deal in Trouble Over EU Anger at Brazil Deforestation, Mongabay (July 6, 2020), at https://news.mongabay.com/2020/07/worlds-biggest-trade-deal-in-trouble-over-eu-anger-at-brazil-deforestation.
18 Foro para el Progreso de América del Sur – Forum for the Progress and Development of South America.
19 The Alliance for Multilateralism is an initiative launched by France and Germany in 2019 defined as “an informal network of countries united in their conviction that a rules-based multilateral order is the only reliable guarantee for international stability and peace and that our common challenges can only be solved through cooperation.” More information at: https://multilateralism.org/the-alliance.
20 Chile Ministry of Foreign Affairs Press Release, Presidential Declaration on the Renewal and Strengthening of South American Integration (Mar. 22, 2019), at https://minrel.gob.cl/declaracion-presidencial-sobre-la-renovacion-y-el-fortalecimiento-de-la/minrel/2019-03-22/145147.html