Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T19:18:16.270Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Schizotrypanum in British bats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

R. A. Gardner  and
D. H. Molyneux
R. A. Gardner*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT
D. H. Molyneux
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT
*
Reprint requests to Dr R. A. Gardner, Cambridge Animal and Public Health Limited, Hauxton, Cambridge CB2 5HU, UK.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Two species of Schizotrypanum, T. (S.) dionisii and T. (S.) vespertilionis, were identified from British bats. Laboratory studies on stocks of isolated trypanosomes from 5 species of bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Nyctalus leisleri, N. noctula, Eptesicus serotinus and Myotis brandti) indicated that the predominant species was T. d. dionisii. Collections and dissection of the bat bug Cimex pipistrelli from bat roosts revealed flagellate infection in a total of 12 out of 20 bugs; 7 of these bugs had metacyclic trypanosomes present. C. pipistrelli and the human bed bug, C. lectularius were reared in the laboratory and allowed to feed on wild-caught bats known to be infected with T. d. dionisii. Development occurred in both species of Cimex. Cimex spp. could be used to detect subpatent Schizotrypanum infections by xenodiagnosis. This technique was used to test the parasitological status of bats collected in the wild or reared in captivity. On a single occasion an apparent transmission of T. d. dionisii to an uninfected (by xenodiagnosis) laboratory reared bat was achieved. A stock of Schizotrypanum isolated from a wild-caught C. pipistrelli collected in a N. leisteri roost was identified by DNA buoyant density centrifugation as T. (S.) vespertilionis. A P. pipistrellus known to be infected with T. d. dionisii was found to have cyst-like structures in thoracic skeletal muscle containing amastigotes. The study provided the strongest evidence yet that C. pipistrelli is the vector of Schizotrypanum in British bats.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 97 , Issue 1 , August 1988 , pp. 43 - 50
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Baker, J. R. (1974). Protozoan parasites of the blood of British birds and mammals. Journal of Zoology 172, 169–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, J. R., Green, S. M., Chaloner, L. A. & Gaborak, M. (1972). Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) dionisii of Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Chiroptera): intra- and extracellular development in vitro. Parasitology 65, 251–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, J. R., Liston, A. J. & Seldon, L. F. (1976). Trypomastigote dimorphism and satellite deoxyribonucleic acid in a clone of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) dionisii. Journal of General Microbiology 97, 113–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, J. R. & Miles, M. A. (1979). Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) dionisii breve n. subsp. from Chiroptera. Systematic Parasitology 1, 61–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, J. R., Miles, M. A., Godfrey, D. G. & Barrett, T. V. (1978). Biochemical characterization of some species of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) from bats (Microchiroptera). American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 27, 483–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, J. R. & Thompson, G. B. (1971). Two species of Trypanosoma from British Chiroptera (bats). Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 65, 427.Google Scholar
Behbehani, K. (1973). Developmental cycles of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi (Chagas 1903) in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Parasitology 66, 343–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bower, S. M. & Woo, P. T. K. (1981 a). Development of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) hedricki in Cimex brevis (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 59, 546–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bower, S. M. & Woo, P. T. K. (1981 b). Two new species of trypanosomes (subgenus Schizotrypanum) in bats from southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology 59, 530–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bower, S. M. & Woo, P. T. K. (1982). Immunological comparisons of four Trypanosoma spp. (subgenus Schizotrypanum) from bats. Parasitology 85, 111–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chatton, E. & Courrier, R. (1921 a). Sur un trypanosome de la chauve-souris Vesperugo pipistrellus, à formes crithidiennes intratissulaire et cystigènes. Hypothese relative à l'étiologie du goître endémique. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 172, 1254–7.Google Scholar
Chatton, E. & Courrier, R. (1921 b). Un Schizotrypanum chez les chauve-souris (Vesperugo pipistrellus) en Basse-Alsace. Schizotrypanose et goître endémique. Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie 84, 943–6.Google Scholar
Coles, A. C. (1914). Blood parasites found in mammals, birds and fishes in England. Parasitology 7, 17–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, D. A. (1978). Kinetoplastida. In Methods of Cultivating Parasites in Vitro (ed. Taylor, A. E. R. and Baker, J. R.), pp. 55–8. London, New York and San Francisco: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Franchini, G. (1921). Trypanosome de la chauve-souris en Italie. Formes viscérales et stades de développement chez un acarien gamaride, le Leiognathus laverani, n.sp. Bulletin de la Société Pathologie Exotique 14, 542–6.Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A. (1986). Studies on the haematozoa of British bats. Ph.D. thesis, University of Salford.Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A. & Molyneux, D. H. (1987). Babesia vesperuginis: natural and experimental infections in British bats. Parasitology 95, 461–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardner, R. A. & Molyneux, D. H. (1988). Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) incertum from Pipistrellus pipistrellus: development and transmission by cimicid bugs. Parasitology 96, 433–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardner, R. A., Molyneux, D. H. & Stebbings, R. E. (1987). Studies on the prevalence of haematozoa of British bats. Mammal Review 17, 75–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glauert, A. M., Baker, J. R. & Selden, L. F. (1982). Mechanism of entry and development of Trypanosoma dionisii in non-phagocytic cells. Journal of Cell Science 56, 371–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoare, C. A. (1972). The Trypanosomes of Mammals. A Zoological Monograph. Oxford and Edinburgh: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Mettam, A. E. (1907). On the presence of a trypanosome in an Irish bat. Dublin Journal of Medical Science 124, 417–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molyneux, D. H. & Bafort, J. M. (1971). Observations on the trypanosome of Pipistrellus pipistrellus in Britain, Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) vespertlionis. Annales de la Société belge et médecine tropicale 51, 335–48.Google Scholar
Petana, W. B. (1971). American trypanosomiasis in British Honduras. VIII. The morphogenesis of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi in the tissues of animals experimentally infected with British Honduras strains of the parasite. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 65, 21–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petrie, G. F. (1905). Observations relating to the structure and geographical distribution of certain trypanosomes. Journal of Hygiene 5, 191–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pringault, E. (1914). Cimex pipistrelli Jen. Agent de la transmission de la trypanosomiase des chauves-souris. Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie 131, 881–3.Google Scholar
Rodhain, J. (1939). Mode de transmission de Trypanosoma vespertilionis Battaglia par les arthropodes. Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie 331, 814–18.Google Scholar
Rodhain, J. (1942). Sur la specificité morphologique et biologique de Trypanosoma pipistrelli E. Chatton et R. Courrier. Acta Biolgica Belgica 2, 55–8.Google Scholar
Rodhain, J. & Henry, E. (1942). Sur l'existence de Trypanosoma vespertilionis Battaglia et Trypanosoma pipistrelli Chatton et Courrier chez diverses espèces de chauves-souris en Belgique. Acta Biologica Belgica 2, 261–4.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, E. & Marinkelle, C. J. (1970). Trypanosoma cruzi: development in tissue culture. Experimental Parasitology 27, 78–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilkins, S. R. (1975). Limited survival of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) dionisii in Rhodnius prolixus. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 69, 433.Google ScholarPubMed