Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-sjtt6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-19T20:37:06.944Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Persistent infection of Mongolian jirds with a non-pathogenic trypanosome, Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) grosi

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 October 2003

H. SATO ,
K. ISHITA ,
K. MATSUO ,
T. INABA ,
H. KAMIYA  and
M. ITO
H. SATO
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
K. ISHITA
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
K. MATSUO
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
T. INABA
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
H. KAMIYA
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
M. ITO
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Immunology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki 216-0001, Japan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Non-pathogenic trypanosomes of the subgenus Herpetosoma are normally host specific, and laboratory models include Trypanosoma lewisi in rats and Trypanosoma musculi in mice. Two isolates of Trypanosoma grosi, originating from Apodemus agrarius and Apodemus peninsulae, grew well in Mongolian jirds, Meriones unguiculatus, after intraperitoneal inoculation of 2×105 or a minimum 500 bloodstream forms. The course of T. grosi infection in jirds resembled T. musculi infection in mice, rather than T. lewisi infection in rats. At week 2 to 3 p.i. trypanosomes disappeared from the bloodstream, and neither prednisolone treatment nor splenectomy prevented parasite elimination from the bloodstream. However, these treatments induced a marked increase in peak parasite counts. Regardless of prednisolone treatment or splenectomy, all jirds after day 21 p.i. became resistant to the reinfection. Although no trypanosomes were detected in the bloodstream of recovered jirds, dividing parasites persisted in the medullary capillaries of the kidney, like T. musculi infection in mice. We propose the T. grosi infection in jirds as an additional laboratory model for the study of non-pathogenic trypanosomes.

Keywords

Trypanosoma grosiHerpetosomaMeriones unguiculatuslaboratory modellife-cycle
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 127 , Issue 4 , October 2003 , pp. 357 - 363
Copyright
2003 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

ALBRIGHT, J. W. & ALBRIGHT, J. F. (1980). In vitro growth of Trypanosoma musculi in cell-free medium conditioned by rodent macrophages and mercaptoethanol. International Journal for Parasitology 10, 137–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ALBRIGHT, J. W. & ALBRIGHT, J. F. (1991). Rodent trypanosomes: their conflict with the immune system of the host. Parasitology Today 7, 137–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BEHR, M. A., MATHEWS, S. A. & D'ALESANDRO, P. A. (1990). A medium for the continuous cultivation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma lewisi at 37 °C. Journal of Parasitology 76, 711–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHIEJINA, S. N., STREET, J., WAKELIN, D. & BEHNKE, J. M. (1993). Response of inbred mice to infection with a new isolate of Trypanosoma musculi. Parasitology 107, 233–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D'ALESANDRO, P. A. (1975). Ablastin: the phenomenon. Experimental Parasitology 38, 303–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D'ALESANDRO, P. A. (1986). Elicitation of the reproduction-inhibiting antibody ablastin by serum exoantigens of Trypanosoma lewisi. Journal of Parasitology 72, 939–943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DESBIENS, C. & VIENS, P. (1981). Trypanosoma musculi in CBA mice: trypanocidal mechanism eliminating dividing forms. Parasitology 83, 109–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DUSANIC, D. G. (1975). Immunosuppression and ablastin. Experimental Parasitology 38, 322–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GIANNINI, M. S. & D'ALESANDRO, P. A. (1982). Trypanostatic activity of rat IgG purified from the surface coat of Trypanosoma lewisi. Journal of Parasitology 68, 765–773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GREENBLATT, C. L., SPIRA, D. T. & TYROLER, E. (1972). Trypanosoma lewisi: immune spleen cell transfer in rats. Experimental Parasitology 32, 131–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HANSON, W. L. & CHAPMAN, W. L., Jr. (1974). Comparison of the effects of neonatal thymectomy on Plasmodium berghei, Trypanosoma lewisi and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in the albino rat. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 44, 227–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOARE, C. A. (1972). The Trypanosomes of Mammals. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
HOUSE, R. V. & DEAN, J. H. (1988 a). Trypanosoma musculi: characterization of the T-lymphocyte dependency of immunity by selective immunomodulation of the mouse, Mus musculus. Experimental Parasitology 67, 104–115.Google Scholar
HOUSE, R. V. & DEAN, J. H. (1988 b). Adoptive cell transfer studies to examine the role of T lymphocytes in immunity to Trypanosoma musculi. Journal of Parasitology 74, 819–827.Google Scholar
KRAMPITZ, H. E. (1959). Über das europäische Waldmaustrypanosom, Trypanosoma grosi Laveran et Pettit 1909 (Protomonadina, Trypanosomidae). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 19, 232–258.Google Scholar
KRAMPITZ, H. E. (1961). Kritisches zur Taxonomie und Systematik parasitischer Säugetier-Trypanosomen mit besonderer Beachtung einiger der in Wühlmäusen verbreiteten spezifischen Formen. Zeitschrift für Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 12, 117–137.Google Scholar
MANSFIELD, J. M. (1977). Nonpathogenic trypanosomes of mammals. In Parasitic Protozoa, vol. I, Taxonomy, Kinetoplastids, and Flagellates of Fish (ed. Kreier, J. P.), pp. 297–327. Academic Press, New York.CrossRef
MARAGHI, S. & MOLYNEUX, D. H. (1989). Studies on cross-immunity in Herpetosoma trypanosomes of Microtus, Clethrionomys and Apodemus. Parasitology Research 75, 175–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MARAGHI, S., WALLBANKS, K. R. & MOLYNEUX, D. H. (1995). Oral transmission of trypanosomes of the subgenus Herpetosoma from small mammals. Parasitology Research 81, 693–695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MOHAMED, H. A., MARAGHI, S., WALLBANKS, K. R. & MOLYNEUX, D. H. (1988). In vitro cultivation of Herpetosoma trypanosomes on embryonic fibroblasts and in semidefined cell-free medium. Journal of Parasitology 74, 421–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MÜHLPFORDT, H. (1968). Untersuchungen über die experimentelle Trypanosoma lewisi-Infektion der Maus. Zeitschrift für Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 19, 73–82.Google Scholar
MÜHLPFORDT, H. (1969). Die Entwicklung von Trypanosoma lewisi in Meriones unguiculatus bei zusätzlicher Bartonella-Infection. Zeitschrift für Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 20, 136–144.Google Scholar
NOYES, H. A., AMBROSE, P., BARKER, F., BEGON, M., BENNET, M., BOWN, K. J. & KEMP, S. J. (2002). Host specificity of Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) species: evidence that bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) carry only one T. (H.) evotomys 18S rRNA genotype but wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) carry at least two polyphyletic parasites. Parasitology 124, 185–190.Google Scholar
OLIVER, M. & VIENS, P. (1985). Trypanosoma musculi persisting in the kidneys of mice are responsible for maintaining the host immunity. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79, 516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SANTOS-GOMES, G. M., ABRANCHES, P., MARAGHI, S., DIRIE, M. F., SILVA-PEREIRA, M. C., VALVERDE, D. & MOLYNEUX, D. H. (1993). Laboratory and field studies on Herpetosoma trypanosomes from Portugal. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 68, 163–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SATO, H., KAMIYA, H., GRAUERT, M.-R., STERN, D., ALTAMIRANO, Z., PERDOMO, R., CARMONA, C., CARBÓ, A., ALVAREZ, C., MONTI, J., SAKAI, H., OKU, Y. & KAMIYA, M. (1996). Comparison of serodiagnostic tests and ultrasonography for cystic hydatidosis in an epidemiological study of rural Uruguay. Journal of Parasitology 82, 852–854.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SHERMAN, I. W. & RUBLE, J. A. (1967). Virulent Trypanosoma lewisi infections in cortisone-treated rats. Journal of Parasitology 53, 258–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TARGETT, G. A. T. & VIENS, P. (1975). The immunological response of CBA mice to Trypanosoma musculi: elimination of the parasite from the blood. International Journal for Parasitology 5, 231–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TEIXEIRA, A. R. L. (1987). The stercorarian trypanosomes. In Immune Responses in Parasitic Infections: Immunology, Immunopathology, and Immunoprophylaxis, Vol. III: Protozoa (ed. Soulsby, E. J. L.), pp. 25–118. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
VARGAS, F., DEL, C., VIENS, P. & KONGSHAVN, P. A. L. (1984). Trypanosoma musculi infection in B-cell-deficient mice. Infection and Immunity 44, 162–167.Google Scholar
VIENS, P. (1985). Immunology of nonpathogenic trypanosomes of rodents. In Immunology and Pathogenesis of Trypanosomiasis (ed. Tizard, I.), pp. 201–223. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
VIENS, P., ROGER, M. & DUBOIS, R. (1983). Influence of pregnancy on mouse immunity to Trypanosoma musculi. Transactions of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77, 274–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VIENS, P., TARGETT, G. A. T., LEUCHARS, E. & DAVIES, A. J. S. (1974). The immunological response of CBA mice to Trypanosoma musculi. I. Initial control of the infection and the effect of T-cell deprivation. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 16, 279–294.Google Scholar
VIENS, P., TARGETT, G. A. T., WILSON, V. C. L. C. & EDWARDS, C. I. (1972). The persistence of Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) musculi in the kidneys of immune CBA mice. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66, 669–670.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VINCENDEAU, P., GUILLEMAIN, B., DAULOUEDE, S. & RIPERT, C. (1986). In vitro growth of Trypanosoma musculi: requirements of cells and serum free culture medium. International Journal for Parasitology 16, 387–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WECHSLER, D. S. & KONGSHAVN, P. A. L. (1985). Characterization of antibodies mediating protection and cure of Trypanosoma musculi infection in mice. Infection and Immunity 48, 787–794.Google Scholar
WECHSLER, D. S. & KONGSHAVN, P. A. L. (1986). Heat-labile IgG2a antibodies affect cure of Trypanosoma musculi infection in C57BL/6 mice. Journal of Immunology 137, 2968–2972.Google Scholar
WILSON, V. C. L. C., VIENS, P., TARGETT, G. A. T. & EDWARDS, C. I. (1973). Comparative studies on the persistence of Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) musculi and T. (H.) lewisi in immune hosts. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67, 271–272.Google Scholar