Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-sh8wx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T12:02:29.179Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The evolution of the knowledge of cat and dog coccidia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

J. P. DUBEY
J. P. DUBEY*
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
*
*Tel: +1 301 504 8128. Fax: +1 301 504 9222. E-mail: jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Before the discovery of Toxoplasma gondii as a coccidium of the cat in 1970, cat and dog coccidia were classified in the genus Isospora and considered of little clinical or zoonotic significance. Since 1970, several new (Hammondia sp., Neospora sp.) and previously described species, including Sarcocystis, Besnoitia, and Cryptosporidium have been found as coccidians of cats and dogs with clinical and zoonotic significance. In the present paper I review salient features of the evolution of cat and dog coccidia.

Keywords

Toxoplasma gondiiprotozoacoccidiacatdogzoonosis
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 136 , Special Issue 12: Special Centenary Issue – Parasitology 1908–2008 , October 2009 , pp. 1469 - 1475
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Dardé, M. L., Bouteille, B. and Pestre-Alexandre, M. (1987). Differenciation iso-enzymatique de 7 souches de Toxoplasma gondii par iso-electrofocalisation en gel de polyacrylamide. Bulletin de la Société Française de Parasitologie 5, 33–39.Google Scholar
Dubey, J. P. (1975). Isospora ohioensis sp. n. proposed for I. rivolta of the dog. Journal of Parasitology 61, 462–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubey, J. P. (1977). Toxoplasma, Hammondia, Besnoitia, Sarcocystis, and other tissue cyst-forming coccidia of man and animals. In Parasitic Protozoa (ed. Kreier, J. P.), pp. 101–237. Academic Press, New York, USA.Google Scholar
Dubey, J. P. (1978). Life cycle of Isopora ohioensis in dogs. Parasitology 77, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubey, J. P. (1979). Life cycle of Isospora rivolta (Grassi, 1879) in cats and mice. Journal of Protozoology 26, 433–443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P. (2008). The history of Toxoplasma gondii – the first 100 years. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 55, 467–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P., Barr, B. C., Barta, J. R., Bjerkås, I., Björkman, C., Blagburn, B. L., Bowman, D. D., Buxton, D., Ellis, J. T., Gottstein, B., Hemphill, A., Hill, D. E., Howe, D. K., Jenkins, M. C., Kobayashi, Y., Koudela, B., Marsh, A. E., Mattsson, J. G., McAllister, M. M., Modrý, D., Omata, Y., Sibley, L. D., Speer, C. A., Trees, A. J., Uggla, A., Upton, S. J., Williams, D. J. L. and Lindsay, D. S. (2002 b). Redescription of Neospora caninum and its differentiation from related coccidia. International Journal for Parasitology 32, 929–946.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P., Carpenter, J. L., Speer, C. A., Topper, M. J. and Uggla, A. (1988). Newly recognized fatal protozoan disease of dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 192, 1269–1285.Google ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P. and Fayer, R. (1976). Development of Isopora bigemina in dogs and other mammals. Parasitology 73, 371–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubey, J. P. and Frenkel, J. K. (1972). Extra-intestinal stages of Isospora felis and I. rivolta (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) in cats. Journal of Protozoology 19, 89–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P. and Frenkel, J. K. (1973). Experimental Toxoplasma infection in mice with strains producing oocysts. Journal of Parasitology 59, 505–512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P., Graham, D. H., Blackston, C. R., Lehmann, T., Gennari, S. M., Ragozo, A. M. A., Nishi, S. M., Shen, S. K., Kwok, O. C. H., Hill, D. E. and Thulliez, P. (2002 c). Biological and genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens (Gallus domesticus) from São Paulo, Brazil: Unexpected findings. International Journal for Parasitology 32, 99–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubey, J. P., Lindsay, D. S., Rosenthal, B. M., Sreekumar, C., Hill, D. E., Shen, S. K., Kwok, O. C. H., Rickard, L. G., Black, S. S. and Rashmir-Raven, A. (2002 a). Establishment of Besnoitia darlingi from opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in experimental intermediate and definitive hosts, propagation in cell culture, and description of ultrastructural and genetic characteristics. International Journal for Parasitology 32, 1053–1064.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P. and Mahrt, J. L. (1978). Isopora neorivolta sp. n. from the domestic dog. Journal of Parasitology 64, 1067–1073.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubey, J. P., Miller, N. L. and Frenkel, J. K. (1970 a). Characterization of the new fecal form of Toxoplasma gondii. Journal of Parasitology 56, 447–456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P., Miller, N. L. and Frenkel, J. K. (1970 b). The Toxoplasma gondii oocyst from cat feces. Journal of Experimental Medicine 132, 636–662.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P. and Odening, K. (2001). Toxoplasmosis and related infections. In Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals (ed. Samuel, W. M., Pybus, M. J. and Kocan, A. A.), pp. 478–519. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubey, J. P. and Pande, B. P. (1963). Observations on the coccidian oocysts from Indian jungle cat (Felis chaus). Indian Journal of Microbiology 3, 103–108.Google Scholar
Dubey, J. P., Schares, G. and Ortega-Mora, L. M. (2007). Epidemology and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 20, 323–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubey, J. P., Speer, C. A. and Fayer, R. (1989). Sarcocystosis of Animals and Man. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.Google Scholar
Dubey, J. P. and Sreekumar, C. (2003). Redescription of Hammondia hammondi and its differentiation from Toxoplasma gondii. International Journal for Parasitology 33, 1437–1453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J. P., Sreekumar, C., Lindsay, D. S., Hill, D., Rosenthal, B. M., Venturini, L., Venturini, M. C. and Greiner, E. C. (2003). Besnoitia oryctofelisi n. sp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) from domestic rabbits. Parasitology 126, 521–539.Google Scholar
Dubey, J. P. and Su, C. (2009). Population biology of Toxoplasma gondii: what's out and where did they come from. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (in the Press).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fayer, R., Trout, J. M., Xiao, L., Morgan, U. M., Lal, A. A. and Dubey, J. P. (2001). Cryptosporidium canis n. sp. from domestic dogs. Journal of Parasitology 87, 1415–1422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frenkel, J. K. (1977). Besnoitia wallacei of cats and rodents: with a reclassification of other cyst-forming isosporoid coccidia. Journal of Parasitology 63, 611–628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frenkel, J. K. and Dubey, J. P. (1972). Rodents as vectors for feline coccidia, Isospora felis and Isospora rivolta. Journal of Infectious Diseases 125, 69–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frenkel, J. K. and Dubey, J. P. (1975). Hammondia hammondi gen. nov., sp.nov., from domestic cats, a new coccidian related to Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 46, 3–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frenkel, J. K., Dubey, J. P. and Miller, N. L. (1970). Toxoplasma gondii in cats: fecal stages identified as coccidian oocysts. Science 167, 893–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grassi, B. (1879). Intorno a speciali corpuscoli (psorospermi) dell'uomo. Nota del dott. Rendiconti R. Ist Lombard 2nd Series 12, 632–637.Google Scholar
Heydorn, A. O. (1973). Zum Lebenszyklus der kleinen Form von Isospora bigemina des Hundes I. Rind und Hund als mögliche Zwischenwirte. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 86, 323–329.Google Scholar
Heydorn, A. O. and Rommel, M. (1972). Beiträge zum Lebenszyklus der Sarkosporidien. II. Hund und Katze als Überträger der Sarkosporidien des Rindes. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 85, 121–123.Google Scholar
Howe, D. K. and Sibley, L. D. (1995). Toxoplasma gondii comprises three clonal lineages: correlation of parasite genotype with human disease. Journal of Infectious Diseases 172, 1561–1566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hutchison, W. M. (1965). Experimental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii. Nature, London 206, 961–962.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hutchison, W. M. (1967). The nematode transmission of Toxoplasma gondii. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 61, 80–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hutchison, W. M., Dunachie, J. F., Siim, J. C. and Work, K. (1970). Coccidian-like nature of Toxoplasma gondii. The British Medical Journal 1, 142–144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iseki, M. (1979). Cryptosporidium felis sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriorina) from the domestic cat. Japanese Journal of Parasitology 28, 285–307.Google Scholar
Khan, A., Taylor, S., Su, C., Mackey, A. J., Boyle, J., Glover, R. D., Tang, K., Paulsen, I. T., Berriman, M., Boothrooyd, J. C., Pfefferkorn, E. R., Dubey, J. P., Ajioka, J. W., Roos, D. S., Wootton, J. C. and Sibley, L. D. (2005). Composite genome map and recombination parameters derived from three archetypal lineages of Toxoplasma gondii. Nucleic Acids Research 33, 2980–2992.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lepp, D. L. and Todd, K. S. (1974). Life cycle of Isospora canis Nemeseri, 1959 in the dog. Journal of Protozoology 21, 199–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehmann, T., Marcet, P. L., Graham, D. H., Dahl, E. R. and Dubey, J. P. (2006). Globalization and the population structure of Toxoplasma gondii. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 103, 11423–11428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levine, N. D. and Ivens, V. (1981). The coccidian parasites (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) of carnivores. Illinois Biological Monographs 51, 1–248.Google Scholar
Lühe, M. (1906). Die im Blute schmarotzenden Protozoen und ihre nächsten Verwandten. In Handbuch der Tropenkrankheiten, Anbang: Coccidia. (ed. Mense, C. A.), pp. 69–268. (cited by Levine and Ivens (1981).)Google Scholar
Mahrt, J. L. (1967). Endogenous stages of the life cycle of Isospora rivolta in the dog. Journal of Protozoology 14, 754–759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahrt, J. L. (1968). Sporogony of Isospora rivolta from the dog. Journal of Protozoology 15, 308–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McAllister, M. M., Dubey, J. P., Lindsay, D. S., Jolley, W. R., Wills, R. A. and McGuire, A. M. (1998). Dogs are definitive hosts of Neospora caninum. International Journal for Parasitology 28, 1473–1478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nemeséri, L. (1959). Adatok a kutya coccidiosisakoz. I. Isospora canis. Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja 14, 91–92.Google Scholar
Nemeséri, L. (1960). Beiträge zur Ätiologie der Coccidiose der Hunde. I. Isospora canis sp. n. Acta Veterinaria 10, 95–99.Google Scholar
Overdulve, J. P. (1970). The identity of Toxoplasma Nicolle & Manceaux, 1909 with Isospora Schneider, 1881 (I). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, C. 73, 129–151.Google ScholarPubMed
Peteshev, V. M., Galuzo, I. G. and Polomoshnov, A. P. (1974). Koshki – definitivnye khoziaeva besnoitii (Besnoitia besnoiti). [Cats – definitive hosts of Besnoitia (Besnoitia besnoiti)]. Izvestiae Akademii Nauk Kazakhestan SSR, B 1, 33–38.Google Scholar
Pfefferkorn, L. C. and Pfefferkorn, E. R. (1980). Toxoplasma gondii: genetic recombination between drug resistant mutants. Experimental Parasitology 50, 305–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rommel, M. (1975). Neue Erkenntnisse zur Biologie der Kokzidien, Toxoplasmen, Sarkosporidien und Besnoitien. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 88, 112–117.Google Scholar
Rommel, M., Heydorn, A. O. and Gruber, F. (1972). Beiträge zum Lebenszyklus der Sarkosporidien. I. Die Sporozyste von S. tenella in den Fäzes der Katze. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 85, 101–105.Google Scholar
Santin, M. and Trout, J. M. (2008). Companion animals. In Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis (ed. Fayer, R. and Xiao, L.), pp. 437–450. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.Google ScholarPubMed
Schares, G., Pantchev, N., Barutzki, D., Heydorn, A. O., Bauer, C. and Conraths, F. J. (2005). Oocysts of Neospora caninum, Hammondia heydorni, Toxoplasma gondii and Hammondida hammondi in faeces collected from dogs in Germany. International Journal for Parasitology 35, 1525–1537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schares, G., Vrhovec, M. V., Pantchev, N., Herrmann, D. C. and Conraths, F. J. (2008). Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and Hammondia hammondi oocysts in the faeces of cats from Germany and other European countries. Veterinary Parasitology 152, 34–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shah, H. L. (1970). Isospora species of the cat and attempted transmission of I. felis Wenyon, 1923 from the cat to the dog. Journal of Protozoology 17, 603–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shah, H. L. (1971). The life cycle of Isospora felisWenyon, 1923, a coccidium of the cat. Journal of Protozoology 18, 3–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheffield, H. G. and Melton, M. L. (1970). Toxoplasma gondii: The oocyst, sporozoite, and infection of cultured cells. Science 167, 892–893.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sibley, L. D., Leblanc, A. J., Pfefferkorn, E. R. and Boothroyd, J. C. (1992). Generation of a restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism linkage map for Toxoplasma gondii. Genetics 132, 1003–1015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, D. D. and Frenkel, J. K. (1977). Besnoitia darlingi (Protozoa: Toxoplasmatinae): cyclic transmission by cats. Journal of Parasitology 63, 1066–1071.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stiles, C. W. (1891). Note préliminaire sur quelques parasites. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 16, 163–164.Google Scholar
Tibayrenc, M., Kjellberg, F., Arnaud, J., Oury, B., Brenière, S. F., Dardé, M. L. and Ayala, F. J. (1991). Are eukaryotic microorganisms clonal or sexual? A population genetics vantage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 88, 5129–5133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trayser, C. V. and Todd, K. S. (1978). Life cycle of Isospora burrowsi n sp (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the dog Canis familiaris. American Journal of Veterinary Research 39, 95–98.Google Scholar
Tyzzer, E. E. (1910). An extracellular coccidium. Cryptosporidium muris (gen. et sp. nov.) of the gastric glands of the common mouse. Journal of Medical Research 23, 487–509.Google ScholarPubMed
Tyzzer, E. E. (1912). Cryptosporidium parvum (sp. nov.), a coccidium found in the small intestine of the common mouse. Archiv für Protistenkunde 26, 394–418.Google Scholar
Wallace, G. D. and Frenkel, J. K. (1975). Besnoitia species (Protozoa, Sporozoa, Toxoplasmatidae): recognition of cyclic transmission by cats. Science 188, 369–371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wenyon, C. M. (1923). Coccidiosis of cats and dogs and the status of the Isospora of man. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 17, 231–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenyon, C. M. (1926). Coccidia of the genus Isospora in cats, dogs and man. Parasitology 18, 253–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Work, K. and Hutchison, W. M. (1969). The new cyst of Toxoplasma gondii. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica. 77, 414–424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed