Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-27T02:18:42.409Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Efficacies of vaccines against canine hookworm disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

V. K. Vinayak ,
N. K. Gupta ,
A. K. Chopra ,
G. L. Sharma  and
Asha Kumar
V. K. Vinayak
Affiliation:
Division of Experimental Parasitology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh H 160 012, India
N. K. Gupta
Affiliation:
Division of Experimental Parasitology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh H 160 012, India
A. K. Chopra
Affiliation:
Division of Experimental Parasitology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh H 160 012, India
G. L. Sharma
Affiliation:
Division of Experimental Parasitology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh H 160 012, India
Asha Kumar
Affiliation:
Division of Experimental Parasitology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh H 160 012, India
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Three types of vaccine (1) a sonicated extract of killed larvae, (2) 5-fluorouracil-treated larvae and (3) 40 krad. X-irradiated larvae have been evaluated. Pups aged 3–4 months, weighing 2± 0·5 kg and free of natural hookworm infection were selected for experimental studies. The sonicated extract was given either in a single dose or as 2 doses at weekly intervals, whereas the 5-fluorouracil-treated and X-irradiated larvae were given in a single dose only. After completion of the vaccination schedule, the pups were challenged with filariform larvae and were sacrificed 3 weeks after challenge. Non-vaccinated pups and those vaccinated with a single dose of sonicated extract lost weight and had diarrhoea or dysentery after challenge. Furthermore, in non-vaccinated pups, haemoglobin levels fell and at autopsy the intestinal mucosa was found to be grossly congested and free blood was present in the lumen of the intestine. Such findings were not obtained in pups vaccinated with the other types of vaccines. The percentage of infective larvae which developed to the adult stage in non-vaccinated pups was 82·7 ± 9·53 compared with 45·1 ± 12·33, 30·1 ± 10·05, 20·6 ± 10·60 and 8·0 ± 7·46 %, respectively in pups vaccinated with a single dose of sonicated extract, double dose of sonicated extract, 5- fluorouracil-treated and 40 krad. X-irradiated larval vaccines. While the irradiated larval vaccine provided maximum protection against clinical ancylostomiasis, 2 doses of the sonicated larval vaccine could also afford almost equal protection to pups.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 82 , Issue 3 , June 1981 , pp. 375 - 382
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Cort, W. W. & Otto, G. F. (1940). Immunity in hookworm disease. Reviesta Gastroenterlogica 7, 2–13.Google Scholar
Cypress, R. (1970). Artificial production of acquired immunity in mice by foot pad infection of a crude larval extract of Nematospiroides dubius. Journal of Parasitology 56, 320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denham, D. A. (1969). The immunity of lambs against Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Journal of Comparative Pathology 79, 1–6.Google Scholar
Denneberg, P. B., Mondag, B. J. & Heidelberg, C. (1958). Studies on fluorinated pyridines. IV. Effects on nucleic acid metabolism in vivo. Cancer Research 18, 329–34.Google Scholar
Foster, A. O. (1935). The immunity of dogs to Ancylostoma caninum. American Journal of Hygiene 22, 65–105.Google Scholar
Harada, Y. & Mori, O. (1955). A new method of culturing hookworm. Yongo Seta Med. 1, 177–9.Google Scholar
Harbers, E., Chaudhuri, N. K. & Heidelberger, C. (1959). Studies on fluorinated pyrimidines. VIII. Further biochemical metabolic investigations. Journal of Biochemical Chemistry 234, 1255–62.Google ScholarPubMed
Herrick, C. A. (1928). A quantitative study of infections with Ancylostoma in dogs. American Journal of Hygiene 8, 125–57.Google Scholar
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farra, A. L. & Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with folin-phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193, 265–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCoy, O. R. (1935). Artificial immunization of rats against Trichinella spiralis. American Journal of Hygiene 21, 200–13.Google Scholar
Miller, T. A. (1964). Effect of X-irradiation upon the infective larvae of Ancylostoma caninum and the immunogenic effect in dogs of a single infection with 40 Kr irradiation larvae. Journal of Parasitology 50, 735–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, T. A. (1965). Studies on canine ancylostomiasis – double vaccination with X-irradiated Ancylostoma caninum larvae. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 146, 41–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Miller, T. A. (1966). Comparison of immunogenic efficacies of normal and X-irradiated Ancylostoma caninum larvae in dogs. Journal of Parasitology 52, 512–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, T. A. (1971). Vaccination against the canine hookworm disease. Advances in Parasitology 9, 153–83.Google Scholar
Otto, G. E. & Kerr, K. B. (1939). The immunity of dogs against hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum by subcutaneous injection of graded doses of living larvae. American Journal of Hygiene 29, 25–45.Google Scholar
Rothwell, T. L. W. & Love, R. J. (1974). Vaccination against Trichostronglyus colubriformis. I. Vaccination of guinea pigs with worm homogenates and soluble products released during in vitro maintenance. International Journal for Parisitology 4, 293–9.Google Scholar
Sarles, M. P. (1929). The length of life and rate of loss of dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum. American Journal of Hygiene 10, 667–82.Google Scholar
Soulsby, E. J. L. (1957). Some immunological phenomenon in parasitic infections. Veterinary Research 69, 1129–39.Google Scholar
Thorson, R. E. (1956). Journal of Parasitology 42, 501–4. Quoted from Advances in Parasitology 9, 183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Zandt, P. D. (1962). Immunity relationships in white mice infected with Nematospiroides dubius Bayles, 1926 (Nematoda: Heligmosmidas). II. Artificial immunization with antigen prepared from larvae. Journal of Parasitology 48, 249–51.Google Scholar
Vieira, R. A. & Rombert, P. C. (1974). Contribution to the study of hookworm immunity. 3 New findings on the immunization of dogs with uv attenuated Ancylostoma caninum larvae. Anals de Instute de Higiene Medicina Tropical 2, 485–99.Google Scholar
Wade, A. E., Swanson, L. E. & Fox, L. E. (1961). Studies on infection and immunity with lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus. American Journal of Veterinary Research 22, 123–7.Google ScholarPubMed