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Bacterial feeding nematodes ingest haemocytes in the haemocoel of the insect Galleria mellonella

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2019

Masaya Ono ,
Yoichi Hayakawa  and
Toyoshi Yoshiga Open the ORCID record for Toyoshi Yoshiga [Opens in a new window]
Masaya Ono
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Yoichi Hayakawa
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Toyoshi Yoshiga*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
*
Author for correspondence: Toyoshi Yoshiga, E-mail: tyoshiga@cc.saga-u.ac.jp
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Abstract

Insect parasitic nematodes have acquired mechanisms to evade their host immune response for successful parasitism. Despite the importance of understanding of the evolution of evasion mechanisms from host immunity, insect immune response against non-parasitic nematodes has not been well studied. In our previous study, we demonstrated that a non-insect parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was not encapsulated by haemocytes in the larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. To understand how nematodes influence insect haemocytes to escape encapsulation, we examined the effect of C. elegans on haemocytes in the haemocoel of G. mellonella larvae. Injection of nematodes resulted in the decrease of haemocyte density while mortality and spreading ability of haemocytes, the haematopoietic organs were not affected. In vitro co-incubation of haemocytes with nematodes resulted in a decrease of haemocyte density and we observed feeding on haemocytes by nematodes. Injection of C. elegans feeding-delay mutants into insects did not cause the decrease of haemocyte density. The decrease of haemocyte density was due to the nematode's ingestion of haemocytes. Furthermore, an entomopathogenic nematode and other bacterial feeding nematodes also showed similar feeding behaviour. The nematode's ability to feed on haemocytes may have played an important role in the evolution of nematode parasitism in bacterial-feeding nematodes.

Keywords

Caenorhabditis eleganscellularencapsulationGalleria mellonellahaemocyteimmuneinsectnematode
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 147 , Issue 3 , March 2020 , pp. 279 - 286
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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