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Ritualizing a Nonroyal Building Termination at the Classic Maya Capital of Tamarindito, Guatemala

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 December 2019

Markus Eberl ,
Sven Gronemeyer  and
Claudia Marie Vela González
Markus Eberl*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, 106 Garland Hall, Nashville, TN37212, USA
Sven Gronemeyer
Affiliation:
Abteilung für Altamerikanistik, Institut für Archäologie und Kulturanthropologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Oxfordstrasse 15, 53111Bonn, Germany; Department of Archaeology & History, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Martin Building, MelbourneVIC3086, Australia
Claudia Marie Vela González
Affiliation:
Departamento de Arqueología, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 18 Av. 11-95 zona 15 Vista Hermosa III, Guatemala01015, Guatemala
*
(markus.eberl@vanderbilt.edu, corresponding author)
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Abstract

Classic Maya “killed” objects. They broke and dispersed ceramic vessels. After adding exotic artifacts, they burned everything, buried the deposit with marl, and tore down associated rooms or buildings. This complex set of interrelated activities has been classified as a termination ritual. Instead of accepting this as a natural category, we study how the Classic Maya strategically differentiated some practices from others. Our case study are the deposits in Structure 5PS-12, an eighth-century AD building at the outskirts of the royal capital of Tamarindito, Guatemala. Destroyed wall foundations and evenly distributed wall fall indicate that Structure 5PS-12 was dismantled. Complete tools and exotic artifacts are found within the wall fall and on the floor. Refitted ceramic sherds show that partial vessels were broken apart and scattered across the building. The combination and sequence of these practices reveal a deliberate strategy to distinguish some practices from others. Its practitioners may have witnessed a fire ceremony conducted by the divine rulers of Tamarindito in AD 762. Structure 5PS-12 attests to shared and possibly copied ritual procedures, whereas unique practices establish a local way of abandonment. The process of differentiation allows people to display but also question shared cultural frameworks. The Maya ritualized practices in a social discourse about appropriate norms and behaviors.

Los mayas del período Clásico “daban muerte” a los artefactos. En muchas ocasiones rompieron vasijas cerámicas y dispersaron sus fragmentos, incorporaron artefactos exóticos, quemaron todo y enterraron el depósito con marga. Además, las habitaciones o edificios asociados a estas actividades eran derribados. Este complejo conjunto de acciones ha sido clasificado como ritual de terminación. Lejos de aceptar esta categoría como única, estudiamos cómo los mayas del Clásico diferenciaban estratégicamente algunas prácticas de otras. Nuestro caso de estudio son los depósitos en la Estructura 5PS-12, un edificio del siglo ocho dC localizado en las afueras de la capital real de Tamarindito, Guatemala. Los cimientos destruidos y los muros colapsados de manera uniforme evidencian que dicha estructura fue desmantelada. Se encontraron herramientas enteras y artefactos exóticos en el piso y en el sector de los muros colapsados. El material cerámico recuperado muestra que las vasijas se rompieron y los tiestos se diseminaron por todo el edificio. La combinación y secuencia de estas prácticas revelan una estrategia deliberada con un propósito específico. Las personas responsables posiblemente fueron testigos de una ceremonia de fuego, llevada a cabo en el año 762 dC y dirigida por los gobernantes divinos de Tamarindito. La Estructura 5PS-12 evidencia procedimientos rituales compartidos, así como prácticas únicas de abandono. Esta diferenciación permitió a las personas mostrar y cuestionar marcos culturales compartidos. Ritualizaron las prácticas en un discurso social sobre apropiación de normas y comportamientos.

Keywords

ritualizationtermination ritualClassic MayaTamarinditoritualizaciónrituales de terminaciónClásico MayaTamarindito
Type
Article
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , December 2019 , pp. 667 - 685
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 by the Society for American Archaeology

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