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The Political Landscapes of Eastern Sonora, Mexico: A Reconsideration of Scale and Organization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew C. Pailes
Matthew C. Pailes*
Affiliation:
School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, 1009 E. South Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030mpailes@email.arizona.edu
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Abstract

The indigenous polities of eastern Sonora, Mexico, play an important role in reconstructions of the late prehispanic political geography of northwest Mexico and the U.S. Southwest. Most interpretations of political organization in the region rely heavily on Spanish conquest accounts from the 1500s augmented by some archaeological data. Researchers have argued that political units in this region were organizationally complex and controlled substantial territories. Recent investigations in the Moctezuma Valley mostly refute these interpretations. This paper presents evidence of the limited scale of political organization in the region, including settlement patterns, the distribution of public architecture, the movement of rare goods, stylistic differences in material culture, and demographic reconstructions. Previous ethnohistoric research mistakenly assumed that Spanish exploration chronicles provided a near complete list of primate centers. This approach produced interpretations of geographically expansive polities. Present data suggest that the region was highly balkanized into numerous autonomous political units that were minimally involved in macro-regional political and social trajectories. The character of political organization in this region resulted in part from a patchy landscape, low demographic pressure, and geographic location between more centrally organized groups.

Resumen

Resumen

La zona este de Sonora, en México, juega un rol importante dentro de las reconstrucciones a macro-escala sobre la organización política durante el Periodo Prehispánico en el NoroestelSuroeste. La mayoría de las reconstrucciones para este periodo se basan principalmente en interpretaciones sobre los relatos etnohistóricos de la conquista española durante el siglo dieciséis, en conjunto con algunos datos arqueológicos. Los investigadores concluyeron que los sistemas de gobierno en esta región tuvieron una organización compleja y ejercieron un control politico considerable sobre un abundante territorio. Las recientes investigaciones en el Valle de Moctezuma refutan estas interpretaciones. El estudio presentado en este articulo se enfoca en examinar la escala de organización politica, que al parecer es bastante limitada. Varias lineas de evidencia apoyan esta interpretatión, incluyendo el análisis del patrón de asentamiento, la distributión de la arquitectura público, el movlmiento de bienes exóticos, las diferencias estilisticas en la cultura material y las reconstrucciones demográficas. Las investigaciones etnohistóricos previas se equivocaron en asumir que los documentos sobre la conquista proporcionaban una lista completa de centros primarios. Este enfoque proporcionaba informatión sobre sistemas de gobierno geográficamente expansivos. Los datos actuates sugieren que esta región fue bastante balcanizada con numerosas unidades politicas autónomas que se involucraron mínimamente en las trayectorias sociales y políticas a macro-escala. El carácter de la organizatión política en esta region fue el resultado de unpaisaje irregular, una bajapresion demográfica y su ubicación geogrdfica entre grupos organizados más centralmente.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 26 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 530 - 549
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1999

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