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The Economic Geography of Chert Lithic Production in the Southern Maya Lowlands: A Comparative Examination of Early-Stage Reduction Debris

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

C. Scott Speal
C. Scott Speal*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, 409 Carpenter Bldg., Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (css216@psu.edu)
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Abstract

It has been known for several decades that certain regions of the Maya Lowlands were characterized by specialized production of chert tools in ancient times. The extent, intensity, organization, and net social effects of centralized lithic production in the Maya area as a whole, however, are not well understood. In order to address issues of broader relevance to social and economic processes, lithicists working in the Maya region need to develop analytical approaches suited to the study of complex economies. The research presented here attempts to establish simple baseline measures for use in comparing the production of siliceous stone tools, both formal and expedient, at different scales across the Maya area. Scholarship in this region has been chronically plagued by prolonged, unresolved debates—mostly a factor of the multitude of single-site-focused projects employing different methodologies and research emphases. The present study therefore proposes a new direction in Maya lithic studies with the goal of enhancing comparability of data on ancient economic structure through the use of standardized statistics that facilitate spatial analysis. Using the proportion of early-stage core reduction debris to the total of all debitagefrom a given context, for instance, enables the analyst to roughly assess the amount of tool manufacture taking place locally. By extension, inferences can be made about the degree of economic integration and interdependence characterizing any given geographic scale, including the architectural group, site, region, and so on. Preliminary analysis of patterns in early-stage reduction illustrates differential spatial distributions of chert tool production and consumption at several scales from across the southern Lowlands, allowing for the refinement of current models of ancient Maya lithic economy.

Se ha sabido por varias décadas que en tiempos antiguos ciertas regiones de las tierra bajas Mayas estuvieron caracterizadas por la producción especializada de herramientas de sílex. Los alcances, la intensidad, la organización, y los efectos sociales de la producción centralizada en el área Maya como una totalidad, sin embargo, no son bien comprendidos. Para poder introducir en temas de mayor importancia a los estudiantes de antiguas organizaciones socioeconómicas, los investigadores de tecnología litica que trabajan en la región Maya necesitan desarollar acercamientos analíticos adecuados al estudio de economías complejas. Este estudio intenta establecer algunas mediciones sencillas que pueden ser usadas para comparar la producción de implementos de litica lasqueada, ya sea de manera formal o rápida, a diferentes escalas geográficas. De esta manera, se propone tomar una nueva dirección con el propósito de aumentar la comparación de los datos sobre las antiguas estructuras económicas mediante el uso de estadísticas estandardizadas que faciliten el análisis espacial El análisis entre la proporción de residuos que resultan de las primeras etapas reducción del núcleo y la totalidad del debitage en un determinado contexto, permite al especialista en litica determinar de manera burda la cantidad de herramientas que fueron manufacturadas localmente. Con base en ello, se pueden hacer inferencias sobre el grado de integración económica y de interdependencia que caracterice a cualquier escala geográfica, incluyendo el grupo arquitectónico, el sitio, la región, etc. El análisis de los patrones de las primeeras etapas de reducción ilustra las diferencias espaciales de producción y consumo de herramientas de sílex a diferentes escalas por todas las tierras bajas. Estas resultas preliminares sugieran unos refinamientos de los actuales modelos sobre la antigua economía litica Maya.

Type
Part 1: Themed Section on Tehnology Approaches
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , March 2009 , pp. 91 - 119
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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