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Changing Patterns of Ritual Activity in an Unlooted Cave in Central Guatemala

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brent K.S. Woodfill ,
Stanley Guenter  and
Mirza Monterroso
Brent K.S. Woodfill
Affiliation:
University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Director, Proyecto Salinas de los Nueve Cerros, 2716 Flag Ave N, New Hope, MN 55427 (brentwoodfill@gmail.com)
Stanley Guenter
Affiliation:
Southern Methodist University
Mirza Monterroso
Affiliation:
Fundación de Antropología Forense de Guatemala
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Abstract

The Cave of Hun Nal Ye, located in central Guatemala, was discovered unlooted by a local landowner in 2005 and was immediately subject to investigation by the authors. The cave contained ritual remains dating to between the Terminal Pre-classic and Terminal Classic. In addition to allowing a detailed reconstruction of ritual activity in the northern highlands, its presence along the Great Western Trade Route allows archaeologists to examine hypotheses about interregional trade during the Classic period. In particular, changes in the ritual assemblage between the Early and Late Classic indicate that the cave was an important trade shrine for merchants and travelers passing between the highlands and lowlands until ca. A.D. 550, at which point it became a local shrine used to reinforce elite power. These changes are then linked to larger patterns occurring in other parts of the trade route, especially to Tikal and the kingdoms along the Pasión and Usumacinta rivers.

La cueva de Hun Nal Ye, ubicada en la zona central de Guatemala, fue encontrada en 2005 por el duenño del terreno y fue sujeto inmediatamente de investigación por Woodfill y Monterroso. La cueva, que no había sido saqueada antes de la investigación, contuvo los restos de varios eventos rituales que se llevaron a cabo entre el Preclásico Terminal y el Clásico Terminal Además de dar la base para una reconstrucción detallada de actividad ritual en el Altiplano del norte, su asociación con la Gran Ruta Occidental de Intercambio nos deja examinar hipótesis a sobre el intercambio regional durante la época Clásica. El material recuperado que fecha antes de 550 d.C. consiste exclusivemente de estilos exóticos—vasijas enteras de tradiciones de más adentro de las Tierras Altas y una caja grabada de piedra en el estilo del Peten central. Casi todo el asemblaje consiste de vasijas completas dejadas como escondites en los lugares más dramáticos y restringidos de la cueva. Después de 550 d.C., el material consiste de vasijas quebradas de un estilo local y está concentrado en la entrada de la cueva, donde es posible hacer una ceremonia pública enfrente de una audiencia. En base a esta evidencia y a material recuperado en otras cuevas vecinas, los autores sugieren que mercaderes llevaron material en bruto de las Tierras Altas hasta el Peten central, parando en la cueva para hacer ceremonias pidiendo permiso de paso de los dueños sobrenaturales de la región. Al principio del Clásico Tardío, en contraste, Cancuenfue establecido para controlar el movimiento de estos bienes, importando el material en bruto para fabricar productos de exportación para las Tierras Bajas. Los cambios del patrón de uso de la ruta fueron represantados en el nuevo patrón de ritual, que se llevó a cabo por élites locales para fortalecer su poder político a través de actos rituales públicos en la entrada de la cueva.

Type
Reports
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 93 - 119
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by the Society for American Archaeology

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