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BIOLOGICAL DISTANCE PATTERNS AMONG THE NORTHERN MOCHE LORDS: DENTAL PHENOTYPES AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IN ANCIENT PERU

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2018

Haagen D. Klaus ,
Walter Alva ,
Steve Bourget  and
Luis Chero
Haagen D. Klaus*
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
Walter Alva
Affiliation:
Director, Museo Tumbas Reales de Sipán, Juan Pablo Vizcardo y Guzman 895, Lambayeque, Peru
Steve Bourget
Affiliation:
Collections Manager, Department of the Americas, Musée du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac 37 Quai Branly, 75007 Paris, France
Luis Chero
Affiliation:
Director, Museo de Sitio Huaca Rajada-Sipán, Avenida Augusto B. Leguía, CPM Sipán, Lambayeque, Peru
*
(hklaus@gmu.edu, corresponding author)
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Abstract

Between AD 100 and 800, the Moche culture emerged on the north coast of Peru. Diverse debates surround the nature of Moche territorial and political centralization, sociopolitical identities, and the internal social diversity of Moche society. Here we address some of these issues in a biodistance study based on phenotypic variation of inherited dental traits within and between 36 individuals in the royal tombs of Sipán (Lambayeque valley), Úcupe (Zaña valley), and Dos Cabezas (Jequetepeque valley). Metric and nonmetric dental trait data were analyzed using hierarchical cluster and R-matrix analyses. The results independently indicate that the highest-level Sipán and Dos Cabezas lords likely represented different endogamous kin groups, while limited gene flow occurred between groups of Moche lower nobility between the Lambayeque and Jequetepeque regions. Although biology and material cultural link the Lord of Úcupe to Dos Cabezas, many objects in his tomb demonstrate his participation the world of the Sipán elites. These Moche lords were, on some levels, bioculturally interconnected. Nonetheless, the data broadly lend support to a “many Moches” model of sociopolitical structure, further casting doubt on earlier one-dimensional visions of a centralized hegemonic Moche polity.

La cultura Moche surgió en la costa norte del Perú entre 100 y 800 dC. Diversos debates giran en torno a la naturaleza de la centralización territorial y política Moche, las identidades sociopolíticas y la diversidad social interna de esta sociedad. En este trabajo abordamos algunos de estos temas a partir de un estudio de biodistancia (o parentesco) basado en la variación fenotípica de rasgos dentales hereditarios dentro y entre 36 individuos de las tumbas reales de Sipán (Valle de Lambayeque), Úcupe (Valle de Zaña) y Dos Cabezas (Valle de Jequetepeque). Los datos de rasgos dentales métricos y no métricos se analizaron mediante análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico y de matriz R. Los resultados indican de manera independiente que los señores del nivel más alto de Sipán y de Dos Cabezas probablemente representaron diferentes grupos de parentesco endogámicos, mientras que ocurrió un limitado flujo genético entre grupos de la nobleza baja de las regiones de Lambayeque y Jequetepeque. Aunque la biología y la cultura material conectan al Señor de Úcupe con Dos Cabezas, muchos objetos en su tumba demuestran su participación en el mundo de las elites de Sipán. De cierta manera, estos señores Moche estuvieron bioculturalmente interconectados. Sin embargo, los datos apoyan un modelo de estructura sociopolítica de “múltiples Moches” que pone en duda las visiones unidimensionales de una unidad política hegemónica Moche centralizada.

Type
Article
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 29 , Issue 4 , December 2018 , pp. 696 - 717
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 by the Society for American Archaeology 

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