Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-c9gpj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T07:31:49.096Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

“Between Worlds,” or an Imagined Reminiscence by Oskar Morgenstern about Equilibrium and Mathematics in the 1920s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2009

Robert Leonard
Affiliation:
Département des Sciences économiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 315 St. Catherine St. East, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada.

Extract

Iwas born in 1902 in Görlitz, a small provincial town in Germany, and raised in Vienna, the great city of the multinational Austro-Hungarian empire. On my father's side, my family goes back to about 1530 in Saxony, my Lutheran forebears having been farmers, church wardens, judges, and businessmen. My mother was a natural daughter of Frederick III of Germany …

Yet another account of myself, for yet another encyclopaedia. Italian, this time. Once again, I put pen to paper and collapse the events of fifty years ago to a few familiar milestones. Now what shall I tell these Italians?

I finished the Gymnasium and took my Dr. Rer. Pol. at the University of Vienna in 1925. Awarded a Rockefeller Memorial Fellowship, I spent the next three years in England, the United States, France and Italy. Returning to Vienna, I soon became Docent, later Professor, at the University, and Director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research …

And then there will be the doctoral thesis, Wirtschaftsprognose, the other Institute, Princeton, and so on. It is remarkable really, the rehearsed inevitability of it all … So often have I gone through exercises of this kind that there are times when I even begin to believe them myself.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The History of Economics Society 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Berkley, G. E. 1988. Vienna and Its Jews: The Tragedy of Success 1880s–1980s. Boston: Madison and Cambridge: Abt.Google Scholar
von Böhm-Bawerk, E. 1896. Karl Marx and the Close of His System, reprinted as “Unresolved Contradictionin the Marxian Economic System.” In Shorter Classics of Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Vol. I. South Holland, IL: Libertarian Press, 1961, pp. 201301.Google Scholar
Bulmer, M. & Bulmer, J. 1981. “Philanthropy and Social science in the 1920s: Beardsley Ruml and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, 1922–29.” Minerva XIX (Autumn): 347407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, E. 1929. “Statistics and Economic Forecasting.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 24 (166): 152–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carnap, R. 1928. Der logische Aufbau der Welt. Berlin: Weltkreis-Verlag. Translated in The Logical Structure of the World and Pseudoproblems of Philosophy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1967.Google Scholar
Craver, E. 1986a. “The Emigrationof the Austrian Economists.” History of Political Economy 18 (1): 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craver, E. 1986b. “Patronage and the Directions of Research in Economics: The Rockefeller Foundation in Europe, 1924–1938.” Minerva XXIV: 205–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fosdick, R. B. 1952. The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Fossati, E. 1957. The Theory of General Static Equilibrium, edited by Shackle, G. L. S.. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gerschenkron, A. 1977. An Economic Spurt that Failed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Grass, N., ed. 1952. Österreichische Rechts-und Staatswissenschaften in Selbstdarstellungen. Innsbruck, Austria.Google Scholar
Haag, J. 19761977. “Othmar Spann and the Quest for a ‘True State’.” Annual Austrian History Yearbook 12/13 (Part 1): 227–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayek, F. 1991. The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek, Vol. 3, The Trend of Economic Thinking: Essays on Political Economists and Economic History. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayek, F. 1994. Hayek on Hayek: An Autobiographical Dialogue, edited by Kresge, Stephen and Wenar, Leif. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horrabin, J. F. 1934. An Atlas of Current Affairs. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Johnston, W. M. 1972. The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848–1938. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahr, A. 1956. “Hans Mayer-Leben und Werk.” Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie. Band 16, Heft 12 (03): 316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marget, A. W. 1929. “Morgenstern on the Methodology of Economic Forecasting.” Journal of Political Economy 37 (06): 312–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, H. 1911. “Eine neue Grundlegung der theoretischen Nationökonomie.” Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft, Sozialpolitik und Verwaltung Band 20. Vienna and Leipzig, pp. 181209.Google Scholar
Mayer, H. 1932. “Der Erkenntniswert der funktionellen Preistheorien. in: Mayer, H., ed., Die Wirtschaftstheorie der Gegenwart, Vienna, Vol. 2, pp. 14239b. Translated and reprinted as “The Cognitive Value of Functional Theories of Price, Critical and Positive Investigations Concerning the Price Problem. In Israel Kirzner, ed., Classics in Austrian Economics, A Sampling in the History of a Tradition. London: William Pickering, 1994, pp. 55168.Google Scholar
Menger, C. 1871. Grundsatze der Volkswirthschaftlehre. Translated as Principles of Economics by Dingwall, J. and Hoselitz, B.. New York: NYU Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. C. 1913. Business Cycles and their Causes. Berkeley, CA: California University Memoirs, Vol. III.Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. C. 1927. Business Cycles, Volume I: The Problem and Its Setting. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
von Mises, L. 1922. Socialism. Translated by Kahane, J.. London: Cape, 1936.Google Scholar
von Mises, L. 1933. Epistemological Problems in Economics. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand, 1960.Google Scholar
von Mises, L. 1978. Notes and Recollections. South Holland, IL: Libertarian Press.Google Scholar
von Mises, L. 1996. Planning for Freedom. Grove City, PA: The Libertarian Press, 4th edition.Google Scholar
von Mises, M. 1976. My Years with Ludwig von Mises. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House.Google Scholar
Moore, H. L. 1914. Economic Cycles: Their Law and Cause. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Moore, H. L. 1923. Generating Economic Cycles. New York: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, M. 1990. The History of Econometric Ideas. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgenstern, O. 1927a. “Francis Y. Edgeworth.” Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Sozialpolitik 5 (1012): 646–52. Translated in Andrew Schotter, ed., Selected Economic Writings of Oskar Morgenstern, New York: NYU Press, 1976, pp. 477–80.Google Scholar
Morgenstern, O. 1927b. “Friedrich von Wieser, 1851–1925.” American Economic Review 17 (12): 669–74. Translated in Andrew Schotter, ed., Selected Economic Writings of Oskar Morgenstern, New York: NYU Press 1976, pp. 481–85.Google Scholar
Morgenstern, O. 1928. Wirtschaftprognose: Enie Untersuchung ihrer Voraussetzungen und Moglichkeiten. Vienna: Julius Springer, iv + 129 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgenstern, O. 1929. “Allyn Abbot Young.” Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie 1 (05 1929): 143–45. Translated in Andrew Schotter, ed., Selected Economic Writings of Oskar Morgenstern, New York: New York University Press, 1976, pp. 487–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgenstern, O. 1931. “Mathematical Economics.” In E. R. A. Seligman, ed., Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences 5: 364–68.Google Scholar
Morgenstern, O. 1951a. “Joseph A. Schumpeter, 1883–1950.” Economic Journal 61 (241): 197202. Reprinted in Andrew Schotter, ed., Selected Economic Writings of Oskar Morgenstern. New York: New York University Press, 1976, pp. 489–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgenstern, O. No date. Autobiographical note, Box 1, Folder: Info. Series Autobiographical Material, Oskar Morgenstern Papers, Special Collections Library, Duke University.Google Scholar
Muller, A. 1809. Die Elemente der Staatskunst. Berlin: Genudg.Google Scholar
O'Brien, D. P. 1988. Lionel Robbins. New York: St. Martin's Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oxaal, I., Pollak, M. and Botz, G. eds. 1987. Jews, Antisemitism and Culture in Vienna. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Pauley, B. F. 1992. From Prejudice to Perdition: A History of Austrian Anti-Semitism. Chapel Hill & London: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Persons, W. M. 1919a. “Indices of Business Conditions.” Review of Economic Statistics 1 (1): 5110.Google Scholar
Persons, W. M. 1919b. “An Index of General Business Conditions.” Review of Economic Statistics. 1 (1): 111205.Google Scholar
Raber, H. 1937. Othmar Spanns Philosophie des Universalismus. Darstellung und Kritik. Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1961.Google Scholar
Rellstab, U. 1991. “From German Romanticism to Game Theory: I. Oskar Morgenstern's Vienna in the 1920s.” Mimeo, Department. of Economics, Durham, NC: Duke University.Google Scholar
Rellstab, U. 1992. Ökonomie und Spiele. Die Entstehungsgeschichte der Spieltheorie aus dem Blickwinkel des Ökonomen Oskar Morgenstern. Zürich: Verlag Rüegger.Google Scholar
Robbins, L. 1932. An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science. London: Macmillan, 1935.Google Scholar
Robbins, L. 1938. “The Methods of Economic Observation and the Problems of Prediction in Economics.” In D. P. O'Brien, Lionel Robbins. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988, pp. 170–78. Translation, by O'Brien, of “Les méthodes d'observation économique et les problèmes de la prévision en matière économique.” In Cinq Conférences sur la Méthode dans les recherches économiques, Paris: Recueil Sirey, with a preface by Charles Rist.Google Scholar
Russell, B. 1919. Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy. London: George Allen and Unwin, New York: The Macmillan Company.Google Scholar
Schotter, A., ed. 1976. Selected Economic Writings of Oskar Morgenstern. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Silk, L. 1977. “The Game Theorist.” New York Times, Sunday, 02 13.Google Scholar
Spann, O. 1911. Die Haupttheorien der Volkswirtschaftslehre, Leipzig: Quelle & Meyer.Google Scholar
Spann, O. 1924. Kategorienlehre in Ergänzungsbände zur Sammlung Herdflamme, Vol. I. Jena: Gustav Fischer.Google Scholar
Walras, L. 1874. Éléments d'économie politique pure, ou théorie de la richesse sociale. Lausanne: Paris.Google Scholar
Weber, W. 1961. “Hans Mayer.” Handwörterbuch der Sozialwissenschaft, Band 7. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer, pp. 364–65.Google Scholar
Weyl, H. 1927. Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften. Munchen and Berlin: R. Oldenbourg.Google Scholar
Whitehead, A. N. 1925. Science and the Modern World. New York: Free Press, 1967.Google Scholar
Wiggershaus, R. 1995. The Frankfurt School. Translated by Robertson, Michael, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Wistrich, R. S., ed. 1992. Austrians and Jews in the Twentieth Century: from Franz Joseph to Waldheim. New York: St. Martin's Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittgenstein, L. 1921. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Translated by Pears, D. F. and McGuinness, B. F.. London: Routledge, xxii + 89pp, 1993.Google Scholar