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Paleobiology of the Mesoproterozoic Billyakh Group, Anabar Uplift, Northern Siberia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2017

V. N. Sergeev ,
A. H. Knoll  and
J. P. Grotzinger
V. N. Sergeev
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109017
A. H. Knoll
Affiliation:
Russian Federation, Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
J. P. Grotzinger
Affiliation:
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Abstract

Silicified peritidal carbonates of the Mesoproterozoic Kotuikan and Yusmastakh Formations, Anabar Uplift, northeastern Siberia, contain exceptionally well-preserved microfossils. The assemblage is dominated by ellipsoidal akinetes of nostocalean cyanobacteria (Archaeoellipsoides) and problematic spheroidal unicells (Myxococcoides); both are allochthonous and presumably planktonic. The assemblage also includes distinctive mat-forming scytonematacean and entophysalidacean cyanobacteria, diverse short trichomes interpreted as cyanobacterial hormogonia or germinated akinetes, rare longer trichomes, and several types of colonial unicells. Although many taxa in the Kotuikan-Yusmastakh assemblage are long-ranging prokaryotes, the overall character of the assemblage is distinctly Mesoproterozoic, with its major features shared by broadly coeval floras from Canada, China, India, and elsewhere in Siberia.

Microfossils also occur in middle to inner shelf shales of the Ust’-Il'ya and lower Kotuikan Formations. Leiosphaerid acritarchs (up to several hundred microns in diameter) characterize this facies. As in other Mesoproterozoic acritarch assemblages, acanthomorphic and other complex forms that typify Neoproterozoic assemblages are absent.

The combination in Billyakh assemblages of exceptional preservation and low eukaryotic diversity supports the hypothesis that nucleated organisms diversified markedly near the Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic boundary. The assemblages also demonstrate the antiquity of cyanobacteria capable of cell differentiation and suggest the importance of both changing peritidal substrates and evolving eukaryotes in determining stratigraphic patterns of Proterozoic prokaryotes. The permineralized assemblage contains 33 species belonging to 17 genera. Ten new species or new combinations are proposed: Archaeoellipsoides costatus n. sp., A. elongatus n. comb., A. dolichos n. comb., A. minor n. nom., A. crassus n. comb., A. major n. comb., A. bactroformis n. sp., Veteronostocale medium n. sp., Filiconstrictosus cephalon n. sp., and Partitiofilum yakschinii n. sp.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 69 , Issue S39: Paleontological Society Memoir 39. Paleobiology of the Mesoproterozoic Billyakh Group, Anabar Uplift, Northern Siberia , January 1995 , pp. 1 - 37
Copyright
Copyright © 1995, The Paleontological Society 

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