Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T02:48:51.477Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A new species representing the oldest aphid (Hemiptera, Aphidomorpha) from the Middle Triassic of China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Youchong Hong
Affiliation:
1Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050, PRC
Zhijun Zhang
Affiliation:
2The Geological Museum of China, Beijing 100034, PRC, or
Xinrong Guo
Affiliation:
3Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling 712100, PRC
O. E. Heie
Affiliation:
4Holtegårdsvej 57, DK-2840, Denmark,

Extract

A new aphid species, Dracaphis angustata, has been found in China from the Middle Triassic. It is especially informative because its whole body is preserved except for the distal part of the antennae and part of the legs. Only wings of three other aphid species of Triassic age have previously been found: Triassoaphis cubitus, described by Evans (1956) from Australia and placed in its own family, Triassoaphididae Heie, 1999; Creaphis theodora, described by Shcherbakov and Wegierek (1991) from Central Asia and placed in its own family, Creaphididae; and Coccavus supercubitus, described by Shcherbakov (2007) from Kyrgyzstan and placed in Naibiidae together with Naibia from the Lower Tertiary. The new species described below must be placed in its own family Dracaphididae because it possesses a combination of characters unknown in any other aphid clade.

Type
Paleontological Notes
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amyot, C. J. B. and Serville, J. G. A. 1843. Histoire Naturelle Des Insectes: Hémiptères. Roret, Paris, LXXVI + 684 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker-Migdisova, E. E. 1966. The revision of the type-specimen of fossil aphid Aphis valdensis Brodie (Homoptera, Aphidinea) from Upper Jurassic beds of England. Revue “Entomologie USSR,” 45:579583. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Becker-Migdisova, E. E. 1973. New fossil aphids from Baltic amber. Palaeontological Zhurnal, 3:8699. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Becker-Migdisova, E. E. and Aizenberg, E. E. 1962. Aphidomorpha. Osnovy Paleontologii Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Carpenter, F. M. 1992. Suborder Homoptera, p. 246251. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Pt. R. Arthropoda 4. The Geological Society of America, Inc. and the University of Kansas Press, Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas.Google Scholar
Evans, J. W. 1956. Paleozoic and Mesozoic Hemiptera (Insecta). Australian Journal of Zoology, 4(2):238239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heie, O. E. 1967. Studies on fossil aphids (Homoptera: Aphidoidea), especially in the Copenhagen Collection of fossils in Baltic amber. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis, 26:29269.Google Scholar
Heie, O. E. 1972. Some new fossil aphids from Baltic amber in the Copenhagen Collection (Insecta, Homoptera, Aphididae). Steenstrupia, Copenhagen, 2(17):247262.Google Scholar
Heie, O. E. 1976. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the fossil family Elektraphididae Steffan, 1968 (Homoptera: Aphidoidea). Entomologica Scandinavica, 7:5358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heie, O. E. 1980. The Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. 1. General part, the families Mindaridae, Hormaphididae, Thelaxidae, Anoeciidae, and Pemphigidae. Faun. Ent. Scand., 9:1236.Google Scholar
Heie, O. E. 1981. Morphology and phylogeny of some Mesozoic aphids (Insecta, Hemiptera). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 15:401415.Google Scholar
Heie, O. E. 1985. Fossil aphid. A catalogue of fossil aphids, with comments on systematics and evolution, p. 101134. In Proceedings of the international aphidological symposium, Jablonna. Polska Akademia Nauk, Wroclaw.Google Scholar
Heie, O. E., 1999. Aphids of the past (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha). p. 11. In Proceedings of the First Palaeontological Conference, AMBA Projects Publication.Google Scholar
Heie, O. E. and Azar, D. 2000. Two new species of aphids found in Lebanese amber and a revision of the family Tajmyraphididae Kononova, 1975 (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93(6):12221225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heie, O. E. and Pike, E. M. 1992. New aphids in Cretaceous amber from Alberta (Insecta, Homoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 124:10271053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heie, O. E. and Pike, E. M. 1996. Reassessment of the taxonomic position of the fossil aphid family Canadaphididae based on two additional specimens of Canadaphis carpenteri (Hemiptera:Aphidinea). European Journal of Entomology, 93:617622.Google Scholar
Heie, O. E. and Penalver, E. 1999. Palaeophylloxera nov. gen., the first fossil specimen of the family Phylloxeridae (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea), Lower Miocene of Spain. Geobios, 32(4):593597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heie, O. E. and Poinar, G. O. Jr. 1988. Mindazerius dominicanus nov. gen., nov. sp., a fossil aphid (Homoptera, Aphidoidea, Drepanosiphidae) from Dominican amber. Psyche, 95:153165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heie, O. E. and Wegierek, P. 1998. A list of fossil aphids (Homoptera: Aphidinea). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom (Entomology), 8-9:159192.Google Scholar
Hong, Y. C. 2002. Amber Insects of China. Beijing Scientific & Technical Publishers, Beijing, 653 p.Google Scholar
Hong, Y. C. and Wang, W. L. 1990. Fossil insects from the Laiyang Basin, Shandong Province, p. 66189. In The Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Laiyang Basin, Shandong Province. Geological Publishing House Press, Beijing.Google Scholar
Huang, D. Y. and Nel, A. 2008. A new Middle Jurassic aphid family (Insecta: Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Sinojuraphididae fam. nov.) from Inner Mongolia, China. Palaeontology, 51:715719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (ed.). 1980. Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Shanganning Basin. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 212 p.Google Scholar
Jarzembowski, E. A. A. 1989. Fossil aphid (Insecta: Hemiptera) from Early Cretaceous of Southern England. Cretaceous Research, 10:239248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kononova, E. L. 1976. Extinct aphid families (Homoptera, Aphidinea) of the Late Cretaceous. Palaeontological Zhurnal, 3:117126. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Kononova, E. L. 1977. New aphid species (Homoptera, Aphidinea) from Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Tajmyr. Revue d'Entomologie 1 USSR, 56:588600. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Lin, Q. B. 1995. On Penaphis Lin, 1980 of the Cretaceous (Callaphididae, Homoptera) and its coevolutionary relationships. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 34(2):194199.Google Scholar
Liu, X. T. 1962. Two new Hybodus from North Shensi, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 6(2):150152.Google Scholar
Poinar, G. O. Jr. and Brown, A. E. 2005. New Aphidoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) in Burmese amber. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107:835845.Google Scholar
Poinar, G. O. Jr. and Brown, A. E. 2006. Remarks on Paraverrucosa annulatus (= Verrucosa annulatus Poinar and Brown, 2005) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphidoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 108:734735.Google Scholar
Rayner, R. J. and Waters, S. B. 1989. A new aphid from the Cretaceous of Botswana. Palaeontology, 32(3):669673.Google Scholar
Richards, W. R. 1966. Systematics of fossil aphids from Canadian amber (Homoptera: Aphididae). Canadian Entomologist, 98:746760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaposhnikov, G. C. 1979. Descriptions of Mesozoic aphids. Palaeontological Zhurnal, 4:6678. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Shaposhnikov, G. C. and Wegierek, P. 1989. New aphids of the Late Mesozoic (Oviparosiphidae, Homoptera). Palaeontological Zhurnal, 3:4250. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Shcherbakov, D. E. 1990. Extinct four-winged ancestors of scale insects (Homoptera, Sternorrhyncha), p. 2329. In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies, Cracow, 6-12 August 1990. Part 2. Agricultural University Press, Krakow.Google Scholar
Shcherbakov, D. E. 2007. Extinct four-winged prococcids and the ancestry of scale insects and aphids (Hemiptera). Russian Entomological Journal, 16:4762.Google Scholar
Shcherbakov, D. E. and Wegierek, P. 1991. Creaphididae, a new and the oldest aphid family from the Triassic of Middle Asia. Psyche, 98:8185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shcherbakov, D. E. and Popov, Y. A. 2002. Order Hemiptera Linné, 1758, p. 143156. In Rasnitsyn, A. P. and Quicke, D. L. J. (eds.), History of Insects. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Wang, W. L. 1993. Discovery of Eocene aphis (Insecta: Homoptera) in amber from Fushun, Liaoning Province, China. Acta Geosicientia Sinica, 27-28:175180.Google Scholar
Wegierek, P. 1991. Cretaceous aphids of the family Canadaphididae (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea). Paleontological Zhurnal, 2:114115. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Wegierek, P. and Penalver, E. 2002. Fossil representative of the family Greenideidae (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) from the Miocene of Europe. Geobios, 35:745757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar