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A new genus Liaous of early Anisian Stage (Middle Triassic) brachiopods from southwestern China: systematics, reassessment of classification of the Spiriferinioidea, community paleoecology, and paleoenvironmental implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2016

Weihong He ,
Kexin Zhang ,
Zhong-Qiang Chen ,
Jiaxin Yan ,
Tinglu Yang ,
Yang Zhang ,
Songzhu Gu  and
Shunbao Wu
Weihong He
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈whzhang@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈kx_zhang@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈zhong.qiang.chen@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈jaxy2008@163.com〉, 〈bossgu@cug.edu.cn〉 School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈lotin.yang@gmail.com〉, 〈zhangy05@163.com〉, 〈shunbaowu@cug.edu.cn〉
Kexin Zhang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈whzhang@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈kx_zhang@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈zhong.qiang.chen@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈jaxy2008@163.com〉, 〈bossgu@cug.edu.cn〉 School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈lotin.yang@gmail.com〉, 〈zhangy05@163.com〉, 〈shunbaowu@cug.edu.cn〉
Zhong-Qiang Chen
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈whzhang@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈kx_zhang@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈zhong.qiang.chen@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈jaxy2008@163.com〉, 〈bossgu@cug.edu.cn〉
Jiaxin Yan
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈whzhang@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈kx_zhang@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈zhong.qiang.chen@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈jaxy2008@163.com〉, 〈bossgu@cug.edu.cn〉 School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈lotin.yang@gmail.com〉, 〈zhangy05@163.com〉, 〈shunbaowu@cug.edu.cn〉
Tinglu Yang
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈lotin.yang@gmail.com〉, 〈zhangy05@163.com〉, 〈shunbaowu@cug.edu.cn〉
Yang Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈lotin.yang@gmail.com〉, 〈zhangy05@163.com〉, 〈shunbaowu@cug.edu.cn〉
Songzhu Gu
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈whzhang@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈kx_zhang@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈zhong.qiang.chen@cug.edu.cn〉, 〈jaxy2008@163.com〉, 〈bossgu@cug.edu.cn〉 School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈lotin.yang@gmail.com〉, 〈zhangy05@163.com〉, 〈shunbaowu@cug.edu.cn〉
Shunbao Wu
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Peoples Republic of China 〈lotin.yang@gmail.com〉, 〈zhangy05@163.com〉, 〈shunbaowu@cug.edu.cn〉
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Abstract

This paper describes a new genus Liaous, with L. shaiwensis He and Chen n. gen. n. sp. as the type species, from the Xinyuan Formation of Anisian age in Ziyun, southern Guizhou, China. The phylogenetic tree revealed by the parsimony analysis shows that Liaous is closely allied to both Mentzelia Quenstedt, 1871 and Paramentzelia Xu, 1978 of the subfamily Mentzeliinae. A new classification scheme for the Spiriferinoidea is also proposed based on a phylogenetic tree of the superfamily indicated by parsimony analysis. The Spiriferinoidea includes three families and nine subfamilies. Three new subfamilies—Madoinae He and Chen, new subfam., Qinghaispiriferininae He and Chen, new subfam., and Triadispirinae He and Chen, new subfam. are proposed. Liaous shaiwensis He and Chen n. gen. n. sp. is found in the Posidonia wengensis-Liaous shaiwensis (P-L) paleocommunity, which is dominated by r-strategists (i.e., organisms defined by a fauna with a high dominance and small body sizes) and has a low diversity and high dominance. The P-L paleocommunity therefore has little similarity to its coeval communities from the Anisian Stage of South China and instead it appears more similar to the Lower Triassic shelly faunas in community structures. This paleocommunity is interpreted to have inhabited a relatively deep, low-energy, dysaerobic offshore basin/slope setting with the influence of episodic storms.

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Articles
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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 89 , Issue 6 , November 2015 , pp. 966 - 979
Copyright
Copyright © 2016, The Paleontological Society 

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