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A cryogenic density separation technique for conodont and heavy mineral separations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2016

J. R. Morrow
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-2812
G. D. Webster
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-2812

Extract

Procedures for the use of the nontoxic sodium polytungstate for heavy mineral separations in the study of conodonts or heavy minerals have been described by Callahan (1987), Krukowski (1988), and Savage (1988). These procedures are rapidly being adapted in industrial and university laboratories because they are easy to apply, provide excellent results, and avoid the potential toxicity of most heavy mineral separation mediums. However, the settling time required for most described techniques using sodium polytungstate solution (sp. gr. 1.0-3.1 gcm-3) is considerable and most of the fluid is not immediately reusable. Thus, large quantities of this expensive fluid are required to process multiple samples. Merrill (1987) described the cryogenic density separation of conodonts, noting the rapidity of the technique. The purpose of this paper is to describe modifications of the cryogenic technique. These modifications allow immediate reuse of unwashed portions (80-95 percent per sample) of the heavy medium (thus requiring smaller amounts of the heavy fluid) and increase the rapidity of the technique, especially when separating larger samples (7-25 g).

Type
Paleontological Notes
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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References

Callahan, J. 1987. A nontoxic heavy liquid and inexpensive filters for separation of mineral grains. Journal of Sedimentology, 57:765766.Google Scholar
Krukowski, S. T. 1988. Sodium metatungstate: a new heavy-mineral separation medium for the extraction of conodonts from insoluble residues. Journal of Paleontology, 62:314316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrill, G. K. 1987. Cryogenic density separation of conodonts, p. 6366. In Austin, R. L. (ed.), Conodonts: Investigative Techniques and Applications. British Micropalaeontological Society, Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester.Google Scholar
Savage, N. M. 1988. The use of sodium polytungstate for conodont separations. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 7:3940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar