Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-17T22:54:34.016Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Carnivora and Creodonta of the Calf Creek Local Fauna (Late Eocene, Chadronian), Cypress Hills Formation, Saskatchewan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Harold N. Bryant
Harold N. Bryant*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Mammalia from the Calf Creek Local Fauna, Cypress Hills Formation, Saskatchewan, include various Carnivora (197 specimens) and Creodonta (nine specimens). Most specimens are isolated teeth. The fauna includes Daphoenus sp., Daphoenocyon dodgei, daphoenine sp., Parictis parvus, Parictis sp., nimravid spp., Hesperocyon gregarius, Hemipsalodon grandis, Hyaenodon horridus, H. microdon, Hyaenodon spp., and indeterminate taxa. Most of the large number of deciduous teeth are referred to Hesperocyon or the Daphoeninae. Daphoenus canadensis, Russell, 1934, is a junior synonym of Daphoenocyon dodgei. Upper molars are tentatively referred to P. parvus; the geographic range of P. parvus is extended to include Saskatchewan and Wyoming. The Calf Creek Hesperocyon closely resembles samples of the genus from Pipestone Springs Local Fauna, Montana, and most levels at Flagstaff Rim, Wyoming. Most of the previously described Carnivora and Creodonta from Cypress Hills localities can be referred to species that occur in the Calf Creek Local Fauna. The Carnivora and Creodonta are consistent with an early to medial Chadronian age for this local fauna and suggest a relatively early age within that interval.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 67 , Issue 6 , November 1993 , pp. 1032 - 1046
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bowdich, T. E. 1821. An Analysis of the Natural Classifications of Mammalia for the Use of Students and Travellers. J. Smith, Paris, 115 p.Google Scholar
Bryant, H. N. 1991. Reidentification of the Chadronian supposed didelphid marsupial Alloeodectes mcgrewi as part of the deciduous dentition of the canid Hesperocyon. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 28:2,062–2,065.Google Scholar
Bryant, H. N. 1992. The Carnivora of the Lac Pelletier Lower Fauna (Eocene, Duchesnean), Cypress Hills Formation, Saskatchewan. Journal of Paleontology, 66:847–855.Google Scholar
Clark, J. 1937. The stratigraphy and paleontology of the Chadron Formation in the Big Badlands of South Dakota. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 25:261–350.Google Scholar
Clark, J., Beerbower, J. R., and Kietzke, K. K. 1967. Oligocene sedimentation, stratigraphy, paleoecology, and paleoclimatology in the Big Badlands of South Dakota. Fieldiana Geology Memoirs, 5:1–158.Google Scholar
Clark, J., and Guensburg, T. E. 1972. Arctoid genetic characters as related to the genus Parictis. Fieldiana Geology, 26:1–73.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1873. Third notice of extinct Vertebrata from the Tertiary of the plains. Paleontological Bulletin, 16:1–8.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1874. Report on the vertebrate paleontology of Colorado, p. 427–533. In Annual Report. Hayden Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1875. On the supposed Carnivora of the Eocene of the Rocky Mountains. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 27:444–449.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1880. On the extinct cats of North America. American Naturalist, 14:833–858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1885. The White River beds of Swift Current River, Northwest Territory. American Naturalist, 19:163.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1891. On Vertebrata from the Tertiary and Cretaceous rocks of the Northwest Territory. I. The species from the Oligocene or Lower Miocene beds of the Cypress Hills. Geological Survey of Canada, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology, 3:1–25.Google Scholar
Dawson, M. R. 1980. Geology and paleontology of the Badwater Creek area, central Wyoming. Part 20: The late Eocene Carnivora and Creodonta. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 49:71–91.Google Scholar
Emry, R. J. 1973. Stratigraphy and preliminary biostratigraphy of the Flagstaff Rim area, Natrona County, Wyoming. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 18:1–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emry, R. J. 1992. Mammalian range zones in the Chadronian White River Formation at Flagstaff Rim, Wyoming, p. 106–115. In Prothero, D. R. and Berggren, W. A. (eds.), Eocene–Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Emry, R. J., Bjork, P. J., and Russell, L. S. 1987. The Chadronian, Orellan, and Whitneyan North American Land Mammal Ages, p. 118–152. In Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Emry, R. J., and Hunt, R. M. 1980. Maxillary dentition and new records of Daphoenictis, an Oligocene amphicyonid carnivore. Journal of Mammalogy, 61:720–723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emry, R. J., and Storer, J. E. 1981. The hornless protoceratid Pseudoprotoceras (Tylopoda: Artiodactyla) in the early Oligocene of Saskatchewan and Wyoming. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 1:101–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flynn, J. J., Neff, N. A., and Tedford, R. H. 1988. Phylogeny of the Carnivora, p. 73–116. In Benton, M. J. (ed.), The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Volume 2: Mammals. Systematics Association Special Volume 35B, Clarendon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
Gray, J. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository, 15:296–310.Google Scholar
Gray, J. 1825. Outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes and families. Annals Philosophy (London), new series, 10:337–344.Google Scholar
Gustafson, E. P. 1986. Carnivorous mammals of the late Eocene and early Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Memorial Museum, 33:1–66.Google Scholar
Holman, J. A. 1963. A new rhinophrynid frog from the early Oligocene of Canada. Copeia, 1963:706–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holman, J. A. 1968. Lower Oligocene amphibians from Saskatchewan. Quarterly Journal of Florida Academy of Science, 31:273–289.Google Scholar
Holman, J. A. 1972. Herpetofauna of the Calf Creek local fauna (Lower Oligocene: Cypress Hills Formation) of Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 9:1,612–1,631.Google Scholar
Hough, J. R. 1948. A systematic revision of Daphoenus and some allied genera. Journal of Paleontology, 22:573–600.Google Scholar
Hunt, R. M. 1974. Daphoenictis, a cat-like carnivore (Mammalia, Amphicyonidae) from the Oligocene of North America. Journal of Paleontology, 48:1,030–1,047.Google Scholar
Kihm, A. J. 1987. Mammalian paleontology and geology of the Yoder Member, Chadron Formation, east-central Wyoming, p. 28–45. In Martin, J. E. and Ostrander, G. E. (eds.), Papers in Vertebrate Paleontology in Honor of Morton Green. Dakoterra 3, South Dakota School of Mines.Google Scholar
Krishtalka, L., Emry, R. J., Storer, J. E., and Sutton, J. F. 1982. Oligocene multituberculates (Mammalia: Allotheria): youngest known record. Journal of Paleontology, 56:791–794.Google Scholar
Laizer, L., and de Parieu, . 1838. Description and dètermination d'une mâchoire fossile appartenant à un mammifère jusqu'a present inconnu, Hyaenodon leptorhynchus. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences Paris, 7:442.Google Scholar
Lambe, L. M. 1908. The Vertebrata of the Oligocene of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan. Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology, 3:1–64.Google Scholar
Leidy, J. 1853. [Remarks on a collection of fossil Mammalia from Nebraska.]Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 6:392–394.Google Scholar
Leidy, J. 1854. [Remarks on a new species of mammal from Nebraska, Dinictis felina.]Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 7:127.Google Scholar
Leidy, J. 1869. The extinct mammalian fauna of Dakota and Nebraska including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with a synopsis of the mammalian remains of North America. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Series 2, 7:23–472.Google Scholar
Lundberg, J. G. 1975. The fossil catfishes of North America. Papers on Paleontology, University of Michigan, 11:1–51.Google Scholar
Matthew, W. D. 1903. The fauna of the Titanotherium beds at Pipestone Springs, Montana. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 19:197–226.Google Scholar
Mellett, J. S. 1969. A skull of Hemipsalodon (Mammalia, Deltatheridia) from the Clarno Formation of Oregon. American Museum Novitates, 2387:1–19.Google Scholar
Mellett, J. S. 1977. Paleobiology of North American Hyaenodon (Mammalia, Creodonta). Contributions to Vertebrate Evolution, 1:1–134.Google Scholar
Ostrander, G. E. 1985. Correlation of the early Oligocene (Chadronian) in northwestern Nebraska, p. 205–231. In Martin, J. E. (ed.), Fossiliferous Cenozoic Deposits of Western South Dakota and Northwestern Nebraska. Dakoterra 2, South Dakota School of Mines.Google Scholar
Russell, L. S. 1934. Revision of the Lower Oligocene vertebrate fauna of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan. Transactions Royal Canadian Institute, 20:49–67.Google Scholar
Russell, L. S. 1938. The skull of Hemipsalodon grandis, a giant Oligocene creodont. Transactions Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, 32:61–66.Google Scholar
Russell, L. S. 1965. The continental Tertiary of western Canada, p. 41–52. In Vertebrate Paleontology in Alberta, University of Alberta.Google Scholar
Russell, L. S. 1972. Tertiary mammals of Saskatchewan. Part II: The Oligocene fauna, non-ungulate orders. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 84:1–97.Google Scholar
Russell, L. S. 1984. Tertiary mammals of Saskatchewan. Part VII. Oligocene marsupials. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 139:1–13.Google Scholar
Schlaikjer, E. M. 1935. Contributions to the stratigraphy and paleontology of the Goshen Hole area, Wyoming. Part 3. A new basal Oligocene formation. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, 76:71–93.Google Scholar
Scott, W. B. 1890. The dogs of the American Miocene. Princeton Collections Bulletin, 2:37–39.Google Scholar
Scott, W. B. 1893. On a new musteline from the John Day Miocene. American Naturalist, 27:658–659.Google Scholar
Scott, W. B. 1898. Notes on the Canidae of the White River Oligocene. Transactions American Philosophical Society, 19:327–415.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 85:1–350.Google Scholar
Storer, J. E. 1975. Middle Miocene mammals from the Cypress Hills, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 12:520–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storer, J. E. 1978. Rodents of the Calf Creek Local Fauna (Cypress Hills Formation, Oligocene, Chadronian), Saskatchewan. Natural History Contributions, Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History, 1:1–54.Google Scholar
Storer, J. E. 1981a. Lagomorphs of the Calf Creek Local Fauna (Cypress Hills Formation, Oligocene, Chadronian) Saskatchewan. Natural History Contributions, Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History, 4:1–14.Google Scholar
Storer, J. E. 1981b. Leptomerycid Artiodactyla of the Calf Creek Local Fauna (Cypress Hills Formation, Oligocene, Chadronian) Saskatchewan. Natural History Contributions, Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History, 3:1–32.Google Scholar
Storer, J. E. 1984a. Fossils mammals of the Southfork local fauna (early Chadronian) of Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 21:1,400–1,405.Google Scholar
Storer, J. E. 1984b. Mammals of the Swift Current Creek Local Fauna (Eocene: Uintan), Saskatchewan. Natural History Contributions, Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History, 7:1–158.Google Scholar
Storer, J. E., and Bryant, H. N. 1993. Biostratigraphy of the Cypress Hills Formation (Eocene to Miocene), Saskatchewan: equid types (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) and associated faunal assemblages. Journal of Paleontology, 67:660–669.Google Scholar
Swisher, C. C., and Prothero, D. R. 1990. Single-crystal 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Eocene–Oligocene transition in North America. Science, 249:760–762.Google Scholar
Tabrum, A. R., and Fields, R. W. 1980. Revised mammalian faunal list for the Pipestone Springs Local Fauna (Chadronian, early Oligocene), Jefferson County, Montana. Northwest Geology, 9:45–51.Google Scholar
Trouessart, E. 1885. Catalogue des mammifères vivants et fossiles. Carnivores. Societe Études Sciences Angers Bulletin, Supplement 1884, 14:1–108.Google Scholar
Wang, X. 1990. Systematics, functional morphology, and evolution of primitive Canidae (Mammalia: Carnivora). Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 222 p.Google Scholar
Weigel, R. D. 1963. Oligocene birds from Saskatchewan. Quarterly Journal Florida Academy of Sciences, 23:257–262.Google Scholar
White, T. E. 1954. Preliminary analysis of the fossil vertebrates of the Canyon Ferry reservoir area. Proceedings United States National Museum, 103:395–438.Google Scholar