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² The National Commission for Democracy, ‘Evolving a True Democracy’, Accra, 25 March 1991, p. 5.Google Scholar

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⁴ Obeng, P. V. (P.N.D.C. Member and Chairman of the Committee of Secretaries) of Chief Executive, Ghana Investments Centre, Accra, 14 March 1988.Google Scholar

⁵ ‘ERP, Private Sector and the New Agenda’, in Business and Financial Times, (Accra), 5 December 1990, p. 2.Google Scholar

⁶ Adda, William, ‘Rôle of the State Restructuring of Public Enterprises’, World Bank, Economic Development Institute/Ghana Institute of Public Administration Seminar, Accra, March 1991.Google Scholar

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⁸ Ghana Investments Centre, ‘The Dialogue Between Government Members and the Private Business Community in Ghana on 21 Febuary 1990’, reprinted in The Investor (Accra), 1, 1, 1990, p. 23. World Bank figures differ slightly: private investment was estimated to be 3·3 per cent of G.D.P. in 1988, with public investment at 8·0 per cent, according to members of the Bank's Resident Mission in Accra.Google Scholar

⁹ Ghana Investments Centre, ‘Discussion Paper on Private Sector Development Issues, 1989/90’, 1990, p. 3.

¹⁰ Private interview, Accra, Febuary 1990.

¹¹ Ghana Investments Centre, report prepared for ‘Think Tank on Private Sector Development Issues’, March 1988.

¹² ‘Discussion Paper on Private Sector Development Issues, 1989/90’.

¹³ It is also alleged that P.N.D.C. leaders interfered in the affairs of the Association of Ghana Industries by influencing the removal of its president, A. Appiah-Menkah, an ex-government minister, from office in 1982.

¹⁴ Africa Confidential (London), 32, 7, 1991, p. 8.Google Scholar

¹⁵ ‘Discussion Paper on Private Sector Development Issues, 1989/90’.

¹⁶ Speech delivered by Richardson, J. K., president of the Association of Ghana Industries (A.G.I.), at the 29th Annual General Meeting held in Accra on 23 February 1989.Google Scholar

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²³ World Bank Resident Mission, Accra.

²⁴ For one example of such criticism by Rawlings, see people's Daily Graphic, 3 May 1990.Google Scholar

²⁵ Ibid. 12 January 1991.

²⁶ Notably formulated in PNDC's Programme for Reconstruction and Development (Accra, 1982).Google Scholar

²⁷ Botchwey, Kwesi, ‘The Budget and Highlights of Economic Policy for 1990’, 10 January 1990, Accra, pp. 4–5.Google Scholar

²⁸ See Siebold, Thomas, Ghana, 1957–1987. Entwicklung und Rückentwicklung, Verschuldung und IWF–Intervention (Hamburg, 1988), p. 247Google Scholar, and ‘Economic Recovery Programme 1984–86. Review of Progress in 1984 and Goals for 1985, 1986’, a report prepared by the Government for the second meeting of the Consultative Group for Ghana, Paris, December 1984, p. 7.

²⁹ Ibid.

³⁰ Memorandum to the P.N.D.C. by the P.N.D.C. Secretary and Chairman of the Divestiture Implementation Committee, Accra, 30 May 1989, p. 2.

³¹ World Bank, Ghana–Policies and Program for Adjustment (Washington, D.C., 1984), p. 51.Google Scholar

³² Cited in Siebold, op. cit. p. 247.

³³ ‘Overall, the speed and strength of the private sector response so far have not been satisfactory’, according to Kapur, Ishan et al., Ghana: adjustment and growth, 1983–91 (Washington, D.C., 1991), I.M.F. Occasional Paper 86, p. 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar See also ibid. p. 10: ‘domestic savings and investment in Ghana have not yet reached the levels required to sustain a satisfactory rate of economic growth’.

³⁴ World Bank Resident Mission, Accra.

³⁵ See Ahiakpor, James C. W., ‘Rawlings, Economic Policy Reform, and the Poor: consistency or betrayal?’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 29, 4, 12 1991, p. 590.Google Scholar

³⁶ Ghanaian Times (Accra), 18 05 1991.Google Scholar

³⁷ People's Daily Graphic, 24 May 1991.Google Scholar

³⁸ In October 1990, the Liquor Manufacturers' Association prepared a full-page advertisement about the damaging effects of the super sales-tax on certain local industries, as well as its limited impact on government revenues. Despite its moderate tone, the editor of the newspaper decided it was not politically prudent to publish such criticism.

³⁹ See World Bank, Sub-Saharan Africa. From Crisis to Sustainable Growth: a long-term perspective study (Washington, D.C., 1989), pp. 5–6, 15, 60–1, and 192.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ Ghanaian Times, 18 May 1991.

⁴¹ Address by Yamson, I. E., president of the Ghana Employers' Association, at the 31st Annual General Meeting held on 17 May 1991.Google Scholar

⁴² World Bank, Ghana. Towards Structural Adjustment (Washington, D.C., 1985), p. 63.Google Scholar

⁴³ Ibid. p. 38.

⁴⁴ International Herald Tribune (Paris edn.), 18 12 1991, Advertisement Section on Ghana, p. 12.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ World Bank, Sub-Saharan Africa, p. 54.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Wilson, Ernest J. III, ‘Contested Terrain: a comparative and theoretical reassessment of state-owned enterprise in Africa’, in Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics (London), 22, 1, 1984, p. 5.Google Scholar

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