^{Page 249 note 1} Welch, Claude E. Jr, ‘The Dilemmas of Military Withdrawal from Politics’, in African Studies Review (Lansing), XVII, I, 1974, p. 221.Google Scholar

^{Page 249 note 2} For an analysis of the crises, see Stryker, J. Dirck, ‘The Malian Cattle Industry: opportunity and dilemma’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), XII, 3, 09 1974, pp. 441–57.Google Scholar

^{Page 249 note 3} For Traoré's recollections of these events, see Golan's, Tamar article in West Africa (London), 20 08 1973, pp. 1147–9.Google Scholar

^{Page 250 note 1} al-Fajr al-Jadid (Tripoli), 31 03 1973, p. 5,Google Scholar translated from the Arabic by the U.S. Department of Commerce.

^{Page 250 note 2} Lee, J. Michael, African Armies and Civil Order (London, 1969), p. 36.Google Scholar

^{Page 250 note 3} Legum, Cohn (ed.), Africa Contemporary Record, 1971–72 (London, 1972), p. B 614.Google Scholar

^{Page 251 note 1} See Luckham, Robin, The Nigerian Military: a sociological analysis of authority and revolt, 1960–67 (Cambridge, 1971), ch. 1.Google Scholar

^{Page 251 note 2} Edward Luttwak recommends ‘ remote command positions and “promotions” to less vital parts of the state apparatus’ for the dangerous allies of coup-makers. Coup d'état: a practical handbook (London, 1968), p. 115.Google Scholar

^{Page 252 note 1} For a list of those who were retired, see L'Essor (Bamako), 27 01 1969, p. 1.Google Scholar

^{Page 253 note 1} Ibid. 16 December 1969, p. 4. According to the French Communist newspaper L'Humanité (Paris), Diarra has since died in prison at Taoudenit.

^{Page 253 note 2} L'Essor, 20 September 1969.

^{Page 254 note 1} Bebler, Anton, Military Rule in Africa: Dahome, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and Mali (New York, 1973), p. 121.Google Scholar

^{Page 254 note 2} L'Essor, 8 04 1971, p. 1.Google Scholar

^{Page 254 note 3} Jeune Afrique (Paris and Dakar), 19 08 1972, p. 13.Google Scholar Diakité died in prison in June 1973.

^{Page 255 note 1} Bebler, op. cit. p. 90.

^{Page 255 note 2} If ‘mixed companies’ – i.e. those owned jointly by the state and private interests – are included, there were approximately 40 public enterprises.

^{Page 256 note 1} Sangaré, Meskou, Minister of State Enterprises, quoted in Le Moniteur african du commerce et de l'industrie (Dakar, 27 12 1973), p. 1.Google Scholar

^{Page 256 note 2} Ibid. 7 December 1972, p. 12.

^{Page 256 note 3} Pinkney, Robert, ‘The Theory and Practice of Military Government’, in Political Studies (Oxford, 2 06 1973), pp. 160-1.Google Scholar

^{Page 257 note 1} Economist Intelligence Unit, Quarterly Economic Review: former French West Africa (London), 1, 1972-

^{Page 257 note 2} L'Essor, 21 June 1972, p. 4.

^{Page 257 note 3} Le Moniteur africain, 7 December 1972, pp. 10–12.

^{Page 258 note 1} Ibid. 27 December 1973, p. 1.

^{Page 258 note 2} L'Essor, 10 11 1970, p. 4.Google Scholar

^{Page 259 note 1} Jeune Afrique, 4 December 1971.

^{Page 259 note 2} Le Monde (Paris), 30 04–05 1972.Google Scholar

^{Page 259 note 3} Le Moniteur africain, 19 07 1973, p. 4.Google Scholar

^{Page 259 note 4} See Stryker, loc. cit.

^{Page 260 note 1} For the difficulties involved, see Church, R. J. Harrison, ‘The Development of the Water Resources of the Dry Zone of West Africa’, in Dalby, David and Church, R. J. Harrison (eds.), Report of the 1973 Symposium: drought in Africa (London, 1973), pp. 62–5.Google Scholar

^{Page 260 note 2} For the Senegalese rôle, see Mytelka, Lynn K., ‘A Genealogy of Francophone West and Equatorial African Regional Organisations’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies, XII, 2, 06 1974, p. 307.Google Scholar

^{Page 260 note 3} Ronald Bornstein, ‘The Organisation of Senegal River States’, ibid. X, 2, July 1972, p. 267.

^{Page 260 note 4} African Research Bulletin: economic, financial, and technical series (Exeter), 15 01–14 02 1973, p. 2611C.Google Scholar

^{Page 261 note 1} Marches tropicaux et méditerranéens (Paris), 1445, 20 07 1973, p. 2276.Google Scholar

^{Page 261 note 2} Mytelka, loc. cit. pp. 308–10.

^{Page 261 note 3} I have discussed these problems in greater detail in ‘Patterns of Demilitarization in Africa’, in The Quarterly Journal of Administration (Ibadan), 10 1974.Google Scholar

^{Page 262 note 1} L'Essor, 20 10 1970, p. 4.Google Scholar

^{Page 262 note 2} Ibid. 30 Januray 1971, pp. 1 and 4.

^{Page 262 note 3} Europe-France outremer (Paris), 03 1972, p. 12.Google Scholar

^{Page 262 note 4} African Research Bulletin, 1–20 11 1972, pp. 2661C–2662A.Google Scholar

^{Page 262 note 5} Le Monde, 18–19 02 1973, p. 2.Google Scholar

^{Page 263 note 1} Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens 1469 4 01 1974.Google Scholar

^{Page 263 note 2} African Research Bulletin, 1–28 February 1974, from L'Essor.

^{Page 264 note 1} West Africa, 5 08 1974, p. 963.Google Scholar

^{Page 264 note 2} African Research Bulletin, 1–30 April 1974.

^{Page 264 note 3} Article 5 of the 1974 Constitution.

^{Page 264 note 4} Ibid. Article 22.

^{Page 264 note 5} African Research Bulletin, 1–30 April 1974.

^{Page 265 note 1} Le Monde, 18–19 02 1973, p. 2.Google Scholar

^{Page 265 note 2} The results proclaimed on 18 July 1974 were as follows: registered voters, 2,904,292; votes cast, 2,674,520; Oui, 2,665,531; Non, 8,989. In six of the regions, the Oui votes were better than 99 per cent; in Bamako district, 97.8 were in favour of the constitution.

^{Page 265 note 3} Le Monde, 26 June 1974.

^{Page 265 note 4} Agence France presse, 11.27 G.M.T., 8 June 1974.

^{Page 266 note 1} For a discussion of the continuities between Keita's Government and the colonial administration, see Hopkins, Nicholas S., Government in an African Town: Kita, Mali (Chicago, 1973).Google Scholar