Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-r5zm4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-28T21:53:27.520Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Time-dependent uniaxial piezoresistive behavior of high-density polyethylene/short carbon fiber conductive composites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Q. Zheng ,
J.F. Zhou  and
Y.H. Song
Q. Zheng*
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
J.F. Zhou
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
Y.H. Song
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: zhengqiang@zju.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Short carbon fiber (SCF) filled high-density polyethylene conductive composites were studied in terms of time-dependent piezoresistive behaviors. The time-dependent change of resistance under constant stress or strain was found to be the succession of the previous pressure-dependent piezoresistance. Depending on the filler volume fraction and the level of the constant stress or strain, resistance creep and resistance relaxation with different directions were observed. An empirical expression similar to the Burgers equation could be applied to fit the data for both the resistance creep and the resistance relaxation. The fitted relaxation time as a function of pressure showed that there exist two competing processes controlling the piezoresistive behavior and its time dependence. Mechanical creep and stress relaxation of the composites were also studied, and a comparison with the time-dependent resistance implied that there is a conducting percolation network attributed to the physical contacts between SCF and a mechanical network formed by the molecular entanglement or physical crosslinking of the polymer matrix and the interaction between the filler and the matrix. It is believed that the two networks dominate the electrical and the mechanical behaviors, respectively.

Keywords

PolymerElectrical propertiesMetal-insulation transition
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 19 , Issue 9 , September 2004 , pp. 2625 - 2634
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Taya, M., Kim, W.J. andOno, K.: Piezoresistivity of a short fiber/ elastomer matrix composite. Mech. Mater. 28 53 (1998).Google Scholar
2.Lundberg, B. andSundqvist, B.: Resistivity of a composite conducting polymer as a function of temperature, pressure, and environment: Applications as a pressure and gas concentration transducer. J. Appl. Phys. 60 1074 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Zhou, J.F., Zheng, Q., Song, Y.H., Wu, G. andShen, L.: Relationship between percolation network and piezoresistive behavior for HDPE/SCF conducting composites. Chem. J. Chinese Universities 25, 1338 (2004).Google Scholar
4.Kirkpatric, S.: Percolation and conduction. Rev. Mod. Phys. 45 574 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Kost, J., Narkis, M. andFoux, A.: Effects of stretching on the resistivity of carbon black filled silicone rubber. Polym. Eng. Sci. 23 567 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Pramanik, P.K., Khastgir, D., De, S.K. andSaha, T.N.: Pressure-sensitive electrically conductive nitrile rubber composites filled with particulate carbon black and short carbon fibre. J. Mater. Sci. 25 3848 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Sau, K.P., Khastgir, D. andChaki, T.K.: Temperature effects of electrical resistivity of conductive silicone rubber filled with carbon blacks. Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 258 11 (1998).Google Scholar
8.Yamaguchi, K., Busfield, J.J. andThomas, A.G.: Electrical and mechanical behavior of filled elastomers. I. The effect of strain. J. Polym. Sci., B: Polym. Phys. 41 2079 (2003).Google Scholar
9.Song, Y.H., Zheng, Q. andYi, X.S.: Reversible nonlinear conduction in high-density polyethylene/acetylene carbon black composites at various ambient temperatures. J. Polym. Sci., B: Polym. Phys . 42, 1212 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Ponomarenko, A.T., Shevchenko, V.G., Klason, C. andPristupa, A.I.: Magnetic-field-sensitive polymer composite materials. Smart Mater Struct. 3 409 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Xia, H.S. andWang, Q.: Ultrasonic irradiation: A novel approach to prepare conductive polyaniline/nanocrystalline titanium oxide composites. Chem. Mater. 14 2158 (2002).Google Scholar
12.Mei, Z., Guerrero, V.H., Kowalik, D.P. andChung, D.D.L.: Mechanical damage and strain in carbon fiber thermoplastic-matrix composite, sensed by electrical resistivity measurement. Polym. Compos. 23 425 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Zhang, C.T. andMoore, I.D.: Nonlinear mechanical response of high density polyethylene. 1. Experimental investigation and model evaluation. Polym. Eng. Sci. 37 404 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Lai, J. andBakker, A.: Analysis of the non-linear creep of high-density polyethylene. Polymer 36 93 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Lee, K.Y. andPienkowski, D.: Compressive creep characteristics of extruded ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 39 261 (1998).3.0.CO;2-G>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Drozdov, A.D. andYuan, Q.: Effect of annealing on the viscoelastic and viscoplastic responses of low-density polyethylene. J. Polym. Sci., B: Polymer Phys . 41, 1638 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Bonner, M., Duckett, R.A. andWard, I.M.: The creep behaviour of isotropic polyethylene. J. Mater. Sci. 34 1885 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Zhou, H.Y. andWilkes, G.L.: Creep behavior of high density polyethylene films having well-defined morphologies of stacked lamellae with and without an observable row-nucleated fibril structure. Polymer 39 3597 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Nitta, K.H. andSuzuki, K.: Prediction of stress-relaxation behavior in high density polyethylene solids. Macromol. Theory Simul. 8 254 (1999).Google Scholar
20.Djokovic, V., Kostoski, D., Galovic, S., Dramicanin, M.D. andKacarevic-Popovic, Z.: Influence of orientation and irradiation on stress relaxation of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE): A two-process model. Polymer 40 2631 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Song, Y.H., Zheng, Q. andYi, X.S.: Study on piezoresistivity of high density polyethylene/graphite semi-conductive composites. Acta Mater. Compos. Sinica 16 46 (1999).Google Scholar
22.Zhang, X.W., Pan, Y., Zheng, Q. andYi, X.S.: Time dependence of piezoresistance for the conductor-filled polymer composites. J. Polym. Sci., B: Polym. Phys. 38, 2739 (2000).Google Scholar
23.Voet, A., Cook, F.R. andSircar, A.K.: Relaxation of stress and electrical resistivity in carbon-filled vulcanizates at minute shear strains. Rubber Chem. Technol. 44 175 (1971).Google Scholar
24.Suvorova, J.V., Ohlson, N.G. andAlexeeva, S.I.: An approach to the description of time-dependent materials. Mater. Des. 24 293 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Samuels, R.J.Structured Polymer Properties (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974).Google Scholar
26.Findley, W.N.: 26-year creep and recovery of poly(vinyl chloride) and polyethylene. Polym. Eng. Sci. 27 582 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Cotton, G.R. andBoonstra, B.B.: Stress relaxation in rubbers containing reinforced fillers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 9 3395 (1965).Google Scholar
28.Meyer, J.: Glass transition temperature as a guide to selection of polymers suitable for PTC materials. Polym. Eng. Sci. 13 462 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Meyer, J.: Stability of polymer composites as positive-temperature-coefficient resistors. Polym. Eng. Sci. 14 706 (1974).Google Scholar
30.Burgers, J.M.First Report on Viscosity and Plasticity, 2nd ed. (Noord-Hollandsche, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1939), p. 5.Google Scholar
31.Marynowski, K. andKapitaniak, T.: Kelvin-Voigt versus Burgers internal damping in modeling of axially moving viscoelastic web. Int. J. Nonlinear Mech. 37 1147 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Osanaiye, G.J. andAdewale, K.P.: Creep and recovery of EPDM elastomer using a modified sandwich rheometer. Polym. Test. 20 363 (2001).Google Scholar
33.Drozdov, A.D. andGupta, R.K.: Non-linear viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity of isotactic polypropylene. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 41 2335 (2003).Google Scholar
34.Drozdov, A.D. andYuan, Q.: The viscoelastic and viscoplastic behavior of low-density polyethylene. Int. J. Solids Struct. 40 2321 (2003).Google Scholar
35.Ferry, J.D.Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers, 3rd ed. (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980).Google Scholar