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Residual stress, intermolecular force, and frictional properties distribution maps of diamond films for micro- and nano-electromechanical (M/NEMS) applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

S. Gupta ,
O.A. Williams ,
R.J. Patel  and
K. Haenen
S. Gupta*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65897
O.A. Williams
Affiliation:
Institute for Materials Research, Universiteit Hasselt, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
R.J. Patel
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65897
K. Haenen
Affiliation:
Institute for Materials Research, Universiteit Hasselt, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author.Present address: Univ. of Missouri, ECE Department, Columbia, MO 65211-2300. e-mail: guptas@missouri.edu
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Abstract

Carbon in its various forms, specifically nanocrystalline diamond, may become a key material for the manufacturing of micro- and nano-electromechanical (M/NEMS) devices in the twenty-first century. To utilize effectively these materials for M/NEMS applications, understanding of their microscopic structure and physical properties (mechanical properties, in particular) become indispensable. The microcrystalline and nanocrystalline diamond films were grown using hot-filament and microwave chemical vapor deposition techniques involving novel CH4/[TMB for boron doping and H2S for sulfur incorporation] in high hydrogen dilution chemistry. To investigate residual stress distribution and intermolecular forces at nanoscale, the films were characterized using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy in terms of topography, force curves, and force volume imaging. Traditional force curve measures the force felt by the tip as it approaches and retracts from a point on the sample surface, whereas force volume is an array of force curves over an extended range of sample area. Moreover, detailed microscale structural studies are able to demonstrate that the carbon bonding configuration (sp2 versus sp3 hybridization) and surface chemical termination in both the un-doped and doped diamond have a strong effect on nanoscale intermolecular forces. The preliminary information in the force volume measurement was decoupled from topographic data to offer new insights into the materials’ surface and mechanical properties of diamond films. These measurements are also complemented with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction to reveal their morphology and structure and frictional properties, albeit qualitative using lateral force microscopy mode. We present these comparative results and discuss their potential impact for electronic and electromechanical applications.

Keywords

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)DiamondRaman spectroscopy
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 21 , Issue 12 , December 2006 , pp. 3037 - 3046
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

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