Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-21T20:54:59.158Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Undoped and Mn-Doped ZnGa2O4 Powders and Thin Films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Lars Loeffler  and
Fred F. Lange
Lars Loeffler
Affiliation:
Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
Fred F. Lange
Affiliation:
Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
Get access

Abstract

Undoped and manganese-doped zinc gallate powders and thin films have been synthesized via the hydrothermal route from aqueous solutions at a pH between 9.5 and 12.5. The chemical composition and the crystal size of the synthesized powder have been studied as a function of pH, temperature, and the composition of the precursor solution, such as the type of hydroxide used and the zinc, gallium, and lithium content. Specimens have been analyzed by x-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. It is shown that crystallite size and chemical composition strongly depend on the solubility of the gallium species within the solution, which appears to determine the number of ZnGa2O4 nuclei per unit volume. Crystals of a few micrometers in size can be synthesized from solutions where Ga is very soluble (e.g., pH ≥ 11), whereas when Ga is not very soluble, the synthesis product is nanocrystalline. Thermogravimetric studies indicate that a considerable amount of OH− is incorporated at the oxygen sites (every 5th to 10th site). Hydrothermal growth of heteroepitaxial zinc gallate thin films has been carried out on (111) MgAl2O4 and (00.1) LiNbO3 substrates. Heteroepitaxy is based on a coincident pattern of oxygen sites in the two structures; that is, (111)ZGO ∥ (111)MAO and (111)ZGO ∥ (00.6)LNO for the out-of plane orientation and (1¯10)ZGO ∥ (1¯10)MAO and (1¯10)ZGO ∥ (1¯10)LNO for the in-plane orientation, respectively. The thin films cover the substrate completely and consist of oriented grains of up to several hundred nanometers in size. In general, the films are twinned with two variants (in separate grains) that are related by a 60° rotation around [111]. This twinning can only be suppressed at high pH and high temperature and only on the MgAl2O4 substrates.

Keywords

LuminescenceCrystal growthChemical composition
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , March 2004 , pp. 902 - 912
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Itoh, S., Toki, H., Sato, Y., Morimoto, K. and Kishino, T., J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 1509 (1991).Google Scholar
2Yang, S-H. and Yokoyama, M., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36 5145 (1997).Google Scholar
3Minami, T., Kuroi, Y. and Miyata, T., J. Lumin. 72–74 997 (1997).Google Scholar
4Minami, T., Kuroi, Y. and Takata, S., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14 1736 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Jung, H-K., Park, D-S. and Park, Y.C., Mater. Res. Bull. 34 43 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Hirano, M., Okumura, S., Hasegawa, Y. and Inagaki, M., Int. J. Inorg. Mater. 3 797 (2001).Google Scholar
7Tas, A.C., Majewski, P.J. and Aldinger, F., J. Mater. Res. 17 1425 (2002).Google Scholar
8Li, Y., Duan, X., Liao, H. and Qian, Y., Chem. Mater. 10 17 (1998).Google Scholar
9Hirano, M., Imai, M. and Inagaki, M., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83 977 (2000).Google Scholar
10Hirano, M., J. Mater. Chem. 10 469 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Hirano, M. and Sakaida, N., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 85 1145 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Yang, S-H. and Yokoyama, M., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37 6429 (1998).Google Scholar
13Park, K-H., Park, H.L. and Mho, S., J. Lumin. 93 205 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Lee, Y.E., Norton, D.P., Budai, J.D., Rack, P.D., Peterson, J. and Potter, M.D., J. Appl. Phys. 91 2974 (2002).Google Scholar
15Minami, T., Kuroi, Y., and Takata, S., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14, 1736 (1996).Google Scholar
16Matsui, H., Xu, C-N., Akiyama, M. and Watanabe, T., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39 6582 (2000).Google Scholar
17Lee, Y.E., Norton, D.P., Budai, J.D., Rouleau, C.M. and Park, J-W., J. Electrocer. 4 293 (2000).Google Scholar
18Lee, Y.E., Norton, D.P., Park, C. and Rouleau, C.M., J. Appl. Phys. 89 1653 (2001).Google Scholar
19Chien, A.T., Speck, J.S., Lange, F.F., Daykin, A.C. and Levi, C.G., J. Mater. Res. 10 1784 (1995).Google Scholar
20Chien, T., Sachleben, J., Kim, J.H., Speck, J.S. and Lange, F.F., J. Mater. Res. 14 3303 (1999).Google Scholar
21Goh, G.K.L., Levi, C.G. and Lange, F.F., J. Mater. Res. 17 2852 (2002).Google Scholar
22Andeen, D., Loeffler, L., and Lange, F.F., J. Crystal Growth. 259, 103 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Hennings, F.K., Metzmacher, C. and Schreinemacher, B.S., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84 179 (2001).Google Scholar
24Baes, F. and Mesmer, R.E.Hydrolysis of Cations (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976), p. 318.Google Scholar
25Jander, G., Straehle, J. and Blasius, E.Lehrbuch der analytischen und praeparativen anorganischen Chemie (Hirzel, Stuttgart, 2002).Google Scholar