Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T22:28:41.665Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Global Health Governance: Commission on Social Determinants of Health and the Imperative for Change

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2021

Extract

On August 28, 2008, Michael Marmot, Chair of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, formally handed over the Commission’s Final Report to Margaret Chan, the Director-General of the World Health Organization, at the Palais des Nations in Geneva. It was a significant moment. Dr. Chan addressed a hall packed with representatives of the world’s communications media in a speech that was remarkably direct. Dr. Chan reiterated the Commission’s position that to improve health and health equity action needs to be taken not just across the health sector but across all social and economic policy areas, and stated, “Social deprivation is not a matter of fate. It is a marker of policy failure.” This was a bold statement from one of the world’s leading diplomats. Policy failure! The phrase echoes the Commission’s assertion that “a toxic combination of poor social policies, unfair economic arrangements and bad politics is killing people on a grand scale.” The Commission’s messages are far reaching.

Type
Symposium
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Chan, M., Closing Speech at the Launch of the Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, August 28, 2008, available at <http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2008/20080828/en/index.html> (last visited June 9, 2010).Google Scholar
Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity through Action on the Social Determ inants of Health, Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, Geneva, 2008, available at <http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241563703_eng.pdf> (last visited June 9, 2010).+(last+visited+June+9,+2010).>Google Scholar
Globalisation Knowledge Network of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Towards Health-Equitable Globalisation: Rights, Regulation and Redistribution, Geneva, 2007, at 8.Google Scholar
Employment Conditions Knowledge Network of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Employment Conditions and Health Inequalities, Geneva, 2007.Google Scholar
Health Systems Knowledge Network of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Challenging Inequity Through Health Systems, Geneva, 2009.Google Scholar
Friel, S. et al., “Global Health Equity and Climate Stabilisation: A Common Agenda,” The Lancet 372, no. 9650 (2008): 16771683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aginam, O., “The Nineteenth Century Colonial Fingerprints on Public Health Diplomacy: A Postcolonial View,” Law, Social Justice & Global Development Journal 1 (2003) available at <http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/lgd/2003_l/aginam/> (last visited June 16, 2010).Google Scholar
World Health Organization, The International Health Regulations, International Legal Instrument Binding on 194 Countries, Geneva, 2005, available at <http://www.who.int/ihr/en/> (last visited June 16, 2010).+(last+visited+June+16,+2010).>Google Scholar
Taylor, S., Aid and Health: Background Paper for the Globalisation Knowledge Network of the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health (Geneva: WHO, 2007); Sandler, T. and Arce, M., “A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Global and Transnational Public Goods for Health,” Fiscal Studies 23 (2002): 195222.Google Scholar
Id. (Taylor).Google Scholar
Ooms, G., From the Global AIDS Response Towards Global Health? Discussion Paper for the Helene de Beir Foundation and the International Civil Society Support Group (2009): At 5, available at <http://www.internationalhealthpartnership.net/pdf/IHP%20Update%2013/Taskforce/taskforce/090101_Ooms_Global_Health_Discussion_Paper%20(2).pdf> (last visited June 16, 2010).+(last+visited+June+16,+2010).>Google Scholar
Marmot, M., The Status Syndrome (New York: Henry Holt and Co, 2004): 3843; Marmot, M. G. and Brunner, E. J., “Cohort Profile: The Whitehall II Study,” International Journal of Epidemiology 34, no. 2 (2005): 251–56.Google Scholar
See Marmot, , supra note 14.Google Scholar
World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2008 (Geneva: WHO, 2008), available at <http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/2008/en/index.html> (last visited June 16, 2010).+(last+visited+June+16,+2010).>Google Scholar
Gwatkin, D. R. et al., “Socio-Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population within Developing Countries: An Overview,” Washington, D.C., World Bank.Google Scholar
Banks, J. et al., “Disease and Disadvantage in the United States and England,” JAMA 295, no. 17 (2006): 20372045.Google Scholar
Avendano, M. et al., “Health Disadvantage in US Adults Aged 50 to 74 Years: A Comparison of the Health of Rich and Poor Americans with That of Europeans,” American Journal of Public. Health 99, no. 3 (2009): 540548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization, Preventing Chronic Diseases: A Vital Investment (Geneva: WHO, 2005), available at <http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/en/> (last visited June 18, 2010).+(last+visited+June+18,+2010).>Google Scholar
World Health Organization, WHO Constitution (Geneva: WHO, 2009), available at <http://www.who.int/governance/eb/constitution/en/index.html> (last visited June 18, 2010).+(last+visited+June+18,+2010).>Google Scholar
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health, article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 14, U.N. Doc. E/C.12/2000/4 (April 25-May 12, 2000), available at <http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(symbol)/E.C.12.2000.4.En?OpenDocument> (last visited June 18, 2010).+(last+visited+June+18,+2010).>Google Scholar
Irwin, A. and Scali, E., World Health Organization, Action on the Social Determinants of Health: Learning from Previous Experiences, background paper prepared for the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2005.Google Scholar
World Health Organization, supra note 6; Irwin, and Scali, , supra note 26; Mackintosh, M., Planning and Market Regulation: Strength, Weaknesses and Interactions in the Provision of Less Inequitable and Better Quality Health Care, literature review for the Health Systems Knowledge Network of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2009, available at <http://www.who.int/entity/social_determinants/resources/csdh_media/planning_market_regulation_2007_en.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010).Google Scholar
See Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 2.Google Scholar
See Irwin, and Scali, , supra note 26.Google Scholar
See World Health Organization, supra note 6.Google Scholar
Marmot, M. and Wilkinson, R., eds., Social Determinants of Health (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
See Globalisation Knowledge Network of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 3.Google Scholar
Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, World Health Organization, Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in health for economic development (Geneva: WHO, 2001), available at <http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/200l/924154550x.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010).+(last+visited+June+18,+2010).>Google Scholar
Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Achieving Health Equity: From Root Causes to Fair Outcomes: CSDH Interim Statement, Geneva, 2008, available at <http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/interim_statement_eng.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010).+(last+visited+June+18,+2010).>Google Scholar
Wilkinson, R. and Marmot, M., eds., Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts, 2nd ed. (Copenhagen: World Health Organization, 2003), available at <http://www.euro.who.int/DOCUMENT/E81384.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010).Google Scholar
Kelly, M. et al., “Measurement and Evidence Knowledge Network,” The Social Determ inants of Health: Developing an Evidence Base for Political Action, Final Report to World Health Organization Commission on the Social Determinants of Health, Geneva, 2007, available at <http://www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/mekn_fmal_report_102007.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010).Google Scholar
Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Translating the Social Determinants Evidence into a Health Equity Agenda at the Country Level, CSDH Country Report, Geneva, 2007, available at <http://www.who.int/social_determinants/country_work/> (last visited June 18, 2010).+(last+visited+June+18,+2010).>Google Scholar
Solar, O. and Irwin, A., “Social Determinants, Political Contexts and Civil Society Action: A Historical Perspective on the Commission on Social Determinants of Health,” Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 17, no. 3 (December 2006): 180184.Google Scholar
Civil Society Work Stream of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health Report, World Health Organization, Final Report of the Civil Society Work Stream of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, Geneva, 2007.Google Scholar
World Health Organization, Medium-Term Strategic Plan 2008–2013, EBPBAC3/5, Geneva, 2007, available at <http://apps.who.int/gb/pbac/pdf_files/Three/PBAC3_5-en.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010).+(last+visited+June+18,+2010).>Google Scholar
Solar, O. and Irwin, A., A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health, discussion paper for the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2007).Google Scholar
See Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 2.Google Scholar
Id., at 43.Google Scholar
Irwin, L., Siddiqi, A., and Hertzman, C., Early Child Development: A Powerful Equalizer, Final Report for the World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health, Geneva, 2007, available at <http://www.earlylearning.ubc.ca/globalknowledgehub/documents/WHO_ECD_Final_Report.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010).Google Scholar
International Labour Organization, Global Employment Trends: January 2009, Geneva, 2009, available at <http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-dgreports/-dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_10146l.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010).+(last+visited+June+18,+2010).>Google Scholar
See Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 2.Google Scholar
See Early Child Development Knowledge Network, supra note 46.Google Scholar
See Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 2.Google Scholar
See Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 34.Google Scholar
Popay, J. et al., Social Exclusion Knowledge Network, Understanding and Tackling Social Exclusion, Final Report to the World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health, Geneva, 2007, available at <http://www.who.int/entity/social_determinants/knowledge_networks/fmal_reports/sekn_final%20report_042008.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010).Google Scholar
See Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 2.Google Scholar
See Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 34.Google Scholar
See Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 2.Google Scholar
World Health Organization, The World Health Report 2008: Primary Health Care (Now More Than Ever), Geneva, 2008, available at <http://www.who.int/whr/2008/en/index.html> (last visited June 18, 2010).+(last+visited+June+18,+2010).>Google Scholar
See Irwin, and Scali, , supra note 26, at 7.Google Scholar
Fidler, D. P., Drager, N., and Lee, K., “Managing the Pursuit of Health and Wealth: The Key Challenges,” The Lancet 373, no. 9660 (2009): 325331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See Globalisation Knowledge Network, supra note 3; Fidler, , supra note 59.Google Scholar
See Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 2, at 135.Google Scholar
See Globalisation Knowledge Network, supra note 4.Google Scholar
Van Puymbroeck, R. V., “Basic Survival Needs and Access to Medicines - Coming to Grips With TRIPS: Conversion + Calculation,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 38, no. 3 (2010): 520549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See Globalisation Knowledge Network, supra note 4.Google Scholar
See Taylor, , supra note 11.Google Scholar
Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 2.Google Scholar
Hanefeld, J., “How Have Global Health Initiatives Impacted on Health Inequity?” Promotion & Education 15, no. 1 (2008): 1923, available at <http://ped.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/l5/l/l9> (last visited June 18, 2010).Google Scholar
See Commission on Social Determinants of Health, supra note 2.Google Scholar
See Hanefeld, supra note 68.Google Scholar
Okie, S., “Global Health—the Gates-Buffett Effect,” New England. Journal of Medicine 355, no. 11 (2006): 10841088; McCoy, D. et al., “The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Grant-Making Programme for Global Health,” The Lancet 373, no. 9675 (2009): 16451653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kickbusch, I. and Payne, L., Constructing Global Public Health in the 21st Century, paper presented at the Meeting on Global Health Governance and Accountability, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, June 2–3, 2004, available at <http://www.ilonakickbusch.com/global-health-governance/GlobalHealth.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010).Google Scholar
Priority Public Health Conditions Knowledge Network, Commission on Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Scoping Paper: Priority Public Health Conditions, Geneva, 2007, available at <http://www.who.int/entity/social_determinants/resources/pphc_scoping_paper.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010); World Health Organization, Equity, Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes, Blas, E., and Sivasankara Kurup, A., eds., Geneva, 2010, available at <http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241563970_eng.pdf> (last visited July 30, 2010).Google Scholar
World Health Organization, Reducing Health Inequities through Action on the Social Determinants of Health, Agenda Item 4.6 at the 124th Session of the Executive Board of the, Geneva, January 23, 2009, available at <http://www.who.int/pmnch/topics/economics/who_eb2009_reducinghealthinequities/en/index.html> (last visited June 18, 2010).+(last+visited+June+18,+2010).>Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Reducing Health Inequities Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health, Agenda Item 12.5 at the 62nd World Health Assembly, Geneva, May 22, 2009, available at <http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/A62/A62_Rl4-en.pdf> (last visited June 18, 2010).+(last+visited+June+18,+2010).>Google Scholar
The Marmot Review, “Fair Society, Healthy Lives,” Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England Post-2010 (London, University College London, 2010).Google Scholar
Wasi, P, ‘“Triangle That Moves The Mountain’ and Health Systems Reform Movement in Thailand,” Human Resources for Health Development Journal 4, no. 2 (2000): 106110.Google Scholar