Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8bljj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-23T01:47:46.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Food and Water System: Impacts on Obesity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2021

Extract

On May 7-9, 2012, obesity prevention leaders, including public health professionals across federal, state and local levels, policymakers and decision makers, community leaders as well as researchers engaged in policy, systems and environmental (PSE) efforts related to obesity prevention, convened at the Weight of the Nation (WON) conference in Washington, D.C. In recognition of the growing interest in the relationship between the food system and public health, and obesity in particular, organizers of the WON invited leading experts from multiple disciplines to work as a committee to plan five sessions related to these topics. These experts decided to expand the focus of the sessions to include public drinking water systems and to organize sessions with the goal of identifying solutions to create a healthy, sustainable, and equitable food and water system. This paper presents the key themes, challenges, and potential solutions and discussed within the Food and Water System: Agriculture, Access and Sustainability track (hereinafter referred to as the “Food and Water System Track”).

Type
JLME Supplement
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Wilkins, J. and Eames-Sheavly, M., A Primer on Community Food Systems: Linking Food, Nutrition and Agriculture, y Cornell University, Division of Nutrition Sciences (2009). Retrieved from <http://www.discoverfoodsys.cornell.edu/primer.html> (last visited November 19, 2013); Stephenson, G. and Sohm-Lawson, D., “What Is a Sustainable Community Food System?” available at <http://www.extension.org/pages/18378/food-systems-introduction> (last visited November 19, 2013).+(last+visited+November+19,+2013);+Stephenson,+G.+and+Sohm-Lawson,+D.,+“What+Is+a+Sustainable+Community+Food+System?”+available+at++(last+visited+November+19,+2013).>Google Scholar
Barham, J. Tropp, D. Enterline, K. Farbman, J. Fisk, J. and Kiraly, S., Regional Food Hub Resource Guide, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Washington, D.C., April 2012.Google Scholar
U.S. EPAO, “Definition of a Public Water System,” available at <http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/drinkingwater/pws/pws-def2.cfm> (last visited November 19, 2013).+(last+visited+November+19,+2013).>Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, 7th ed. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 2010).Google Scholar
Story, M. Hamm, M. W. and Wallinga, D., “Research and Action Priorities for Linking Public Health, Food Systems, and Sustainable Agriculture: Recommendations from the Air-lie Conference,” Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 4, nos. 3–4 (2009): 477485; Story, M. Hamm, M. W. and Wallinga, D., “Food Systems and Public Health: Linkages to Achieve Healthier Diets and Healthier Communities,” Journal of Environmental Nutrition 4, nos. 3–4 (2009): 219–224; Swinburn, B. A. Sacks, G. and Hall, K. D. et al. , “The Global Obesity Pandemic: Shaped by Global Drivers and Local Environments,” The Lancet 378, no. 378 (9793): 804–814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See supra note 1.Google Scholar
See Stephenson and Sohm-Lawson, supra note 1.Google Scholar
Wallinga, D., “Today's Food System: How Healthy Is It?” Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 4, nos. 3–4 (2009): 251281; Wallinga, D., “Agricultural Policy and Childhood Obesity: A Food Systems and Public Health Commentary,” Health Affairs 29, no. 3 (2010): 405–410; Harvie, J., “Redefining Healthy Food: An Ecological Health Approach to Food Production, Distribution, and Procurement,” The Center for Health Design (2006), available at <http://isfusa.org/publications/Redefining%20Healthy%20Food.pdf> (last visited November 19, 2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Id. (Harvie).Google Scholar
Swinburn, See et al. , supra note 5 and Wallinga (2010), supra note 9.Google Scholar
Marriott, B. P. Cole, N. and Lee, E., “National Estimates of Dietary Fructose Intake Increased from 1977 to 2004 in the United States,” Journal of Nutrition 139, no. 6 (2009): 1228S–1235S; Putnam, J. Allshouse, J. and Kantor, L., “U.S. Per Capita Food Supply Trends: More Calories, Refined Carbohydrates, and Fats,” Food Reviews 25, no. 3 (2002): 215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zepeda, L. and Deal, D., “Organic and Local Food Consumer Behaviour: Alphabet Theory,” International Journal of Consumer Studies 33, no. 6 (2009): 697705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neff, R. A. Palmer, A. M. McKenzie, S. E. and Lawrence, R. S., “Food Systems and Public Health Disparities,” Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 4, nos. 3–4 (2009): 282314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinour, L. M. Bergen, D. and Yeh, M.-C., “The Food Insecurity-Obesity Paradox: A Review of the Literature and the Role Food Stamps May Play,” Journal of the American Dietetic Association 107, no. 11 (2007): 19521961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Institute of Medicine, Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity (Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Daniels, M. and Popkin, B., “Impact of Water Intake on Energy Intake and Weight Status: A Systematic Review,” Nutrition Reviews 68, no. 9 (2010): 505521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VanDerslice, J., “Drinking Water Infrastructure and Environmental Disparities: Evidence and Methodological Considerations,” American Journal of Public Health 101, supp. 1 (2011): S109S114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Population Served by Community Water Systems with No Reported Violations of Health-Based Standards (2010), available at <http://cfpub.epa.gov/eroe/index.cfm?fuseaction=detail.viewPDF&ch=47&lShowInd=0&subtop=203&lv=list.listByChapter&r=216626> (last visited November 20, 2013).+(last+visited+November+20,+2013).>Google Scholar
Onufrak, S. J. Park, S. Sharkey, J. R. and Sherry, B., “The Relationship of Perceptions of Tap Water Safety with Intake of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Plain Water among US Adults,” Public Health Nutrition 1, no. 1 (2012): 17.Google Scholar
Hu, Z. Morton, L. W. and Mahler, R. L., “Bottled Water: United States Consumers and Their Perceptions of Water Quality,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8, no. 2 (2011): 565578; Gorelick, M. H. Gould, L. and Nimmer, M. et al. , “Perceptions about Water and Increased Use of Bottled Water in Minority Children,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 165, no. 10 (2011): 928–932; Hobson, W. L. Knochel, M. L. and Byington, C. L. et al. , “Bottled, Filtered, and Tap Water Use in Latino and Non-Latino Children,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 161, no. 5 (2007): 457–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See VanDerslice, supra note 20.Google Scholar
Massey, A. R. and Steel, J. E., “Lead in Drinking Water: Sampling the Primary Schools and Preschools in South Central Kansas,” Journal of Environmental Health 74, no. 7 (2012): 1620; Lambrinidou, Y. Triantafyllidou, S. and Edwards, M., “Failing Our Children: Lead in U.S. School Drinking Water,” New Solutions 20, no. 1 (2010): 25–47; Bryant, S. D., “Lead-Contaminated Drinking Waters in the Public Schools of Philadelphia,” Journal of Toxicology — Clinical Toxicology 42, no. 3 (2004): 287–294.Google Scholar
Feenstra, G., “Creating Space for Sustainable Food Systems: Lessons from the Field,” Agriculture and Human Values 19, no. 2 (2002): 99106.; Pinstrup-Andersen, P. and Pandya-Lorch, R., “Food Security and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources: A 2020 Vision,” Ecological Economics 26, no. 1(1998): 1–10.; Rutten, Finney L. J. Yaroch, A. L. Colon-Ramos, U. Johnson-Askew, W. and Story, M., “Poverty, Food Insecurity, and Obesity: A Conceptual Framework for Research, Practice, and Policy,” Journal of Health and Environmental Nutrition 5, no. 4 (2010): 403–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feenstra, G. W., “Local Food Systems and Sustainable Communities,” American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 12, no. 1 (1997): 2836; Dixon, J., “A Cultural Economy Model for Studying Food Systems,” Agriculture and Human Values 16, no. 2 (1999): 151–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See supra note 4.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS Action Plan to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities: A Nation Free of Disparities in Health and Health Care, April 2011, available at <http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/npa/files/Plans/HHS/HHS_Plan_complete.pdf> (last visited November 20, 2013); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “Healthy-People.gov Disparities,” available at <http://healthypeople.gov/2020/about/disparitiesAbout.aspx> (last visited November 20, 2013).+(last+visited+November+20,+2013);+U.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services,+“Healthy-People.gov+Disparities,”+available+at++(last+visited+November+20,+2013).>Google Scholar
Story, M. Kaphingst, K. M. Robinson-O'Brien, R. and Glanz, K., “Creating Healthy Food and Eating Environments: Policy and Environmental Approaches,” Annual Review of Public Health 29 (2008): 253272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Institute of Medicine, “Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention,” 2012, available at <http://www.iom.edu/Activities/Nutrition/ObesityPrevProgress.aspx> (last visited November 20, 2013).+(last+visited+November+20,+2013).>Google Scholar
Sobal, J. Khan, L. Kettel Bisogni, C., “A Conceptual Model of the Food and Nutrition System, Social Science & Medicine 47, no. 7 (1998): 853863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
See Institute of Medicine, supra note 32.Google Scholar
See Neff, et al. , supra note 14.Google Scholar
See Dinour, et al. , supra note 17.Google Scholar
See supra note 4.Google Scholar
See supra note 5.Google Scholar
Gleik, P. H., “The Myth and Reality of Bottled Water,” in The World's Water: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources 2004–2005 (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2004).Google Scholar
National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, tHealthy Parks Healthy People US, available at <http://www.nps.gov/public_health/hp/hphp.htm> (last visited November 20, 2013).+(last+visited+November+20,+2013).>Google Scholar
Grace, C. Grace, T. Becker, N. and Lyden, J., “Barriers to Using Urban Farmers3) Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 2, no. 1 (2007): 5575; Markowitz, L., “Expanding Access and Alternatives: Building Farmers' Markets in Low-Income Communities,” Food and Foodways 18, nos. 1–2 (2010): 66–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malcolm, S. Marshall, E. Aillery, M. Heisey, P. Livingston, M. and Day-Rubenstein, K., “Agricultural Adaptation to a Changing Climate: Economic and Environmental Implications Vary by U.S. Region,” United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Report No. 136 (2012).Google Scholar