Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-8zxtt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T10:18:44.580Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An analytic dictionary of English etymology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2008

Anatoly Liberman  and
J. Lawrence Mitchell
Anatoly Liberman
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota Twin CitiesMinneapolis, Minnesota 55455
J. Lawrence Mitchell
Affiliation:
Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, Texas 77843
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Several years ago we started work on a new etymological dictionary of the English language and published a short announcement of our plans (Liberman and Mitchell 1988). Now the contours of the dictionary have become clear enough for us to begin writing our first entries and to introduce our project to a wider range of scholars.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Germanic Linguistics , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , January 1993 , pp. 47 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Germanic Linguistics 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

WORKS CITED

ÁBM: see Magnússon.Google Scholar
AEW: Jan de Vries. 1957–1960. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: E. J. Brill (2nd ed. 1962, 3rd ed. 1977).Google Scholar
AEEW: F. Holthausen. 1934. Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter (2nd ed. 1963, 3rd ed. 1974).Google Scholar
A.W. 1971. Review of Berr (1971). Zeitschrift für deutsche Sprache 27: 191–92.Google Scholar
The American heritage dictionary of the English language. 1969. American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc.: New York.Google Scholar
Bailey, Nathan. 1721. An universal etymological English dictionary. London: Printed for E. Bell, etc. (Rpt. Hildesheim, New York: G. Olms, 1969.)Google Scholar
Baist, G. 1880. [Untitled rejoinder to Cornu (1880).] Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 4:474–75.Google Scholar
Barclay, James. 1850. A complete and universal English dictionary. N.p.: n.publ.Google Scholar
Barnhart, Robert K. 1988. The Barnhart dictionary of etymology. Bronx NY: H. W. Wilson Co.Google Scholar
Bender, Harold H. 1921. A Lithuanian etymological index. London: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Benfey, Theodor. 1839–1842. “Griechisches Wurzellexikon” (added to his Griechische Grammatik. Berlin: G. Reimer).Google Scholar
Berndt, Rolf, 1960. Einführung in das Studium des Mittelenglischen. Halle (Saale): VEB Max Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Berr, Samuel. 1971. An etymological glossary to the Old Saxon Heliand. Bern and Frankfurt: Lang.Google Scholar
Bosworth, Joseph. 1882–1896. An Anglo-Saxon dictionary. Ed. Toller, T. Northcote. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Rpt. 1954.)Google Scholar
Brachet, Auguste. (n.d.) Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française. Nouvelle édition. Paris: J. Hetzel.Google Scholar
Brink, Bernhard ten. 1884. Chaucers Sprache und Verskunst. Leipzig: [T. O. Weigel].Google Scholar
Brown, Alan. 1972. “Heifer.” Neophilologus 56:79–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Alan. 1973. “Some further etymologies of Heifer.” Neophilologus 57:94.Google Scholar
Brüch, J[oseph]. 1917. “Zu Meyer-Lübkes etymologischem Wörterbuch.” Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 38:676–702.Google Scholar
Brugmann, Karl (and Berthold Delbrück). 1886–1900. Grundriβ der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen. Strassburg: K. J. Trübner.Google Scholar
Bugge, Alexander. 1912. “Norse loan words in Irish.” In Bergin, Osborn and Marstrander, Carl, eds. Miscellany presented to Kuno Meyer. Halle a. S.: Max Niemeyer. Pp. 291–306.Google Scholar
Caprini, Rita. 1983. “Fox, fog.” Quaderni di semantica 4:59–68.Google Scholar
The Century dictionary. 1889–1911. Ed. Whitney, Dwight. New York: The Century Co. (Revised by Benjamin E. Smith, 1911.)Google Scholar
CD: see The Century dictionary.Google Scholar
Cleasby-Vigfusson, . 1874. An Icelandic-English dictionary initiated by Richard Cleasby, subsequently revised, enlarged and completed by Gudbrand Vigfusson. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (2nd ed. 1957.)Google Scholar
Cook, Arthur B. 1925. Zeus. A study in ancient religion, 11/2. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Corominas, Joan. 1980–1991. Diccionari etimologici complementari de la llengua catalana. Barcelona: Curial Edicions Catalanes, Caixa de Pensions “La Caixa”.Google Scholar
Cornu, Jules. 1880. “Etymologies espagnoles et portugaises.” Romania 9:129–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornu, Jules. 1881. “Etymologies espagnoles.” Romania 10:404–5.Google Scholar
Cowgill, Warren. 1978. “The source of Latin vīs ‘thou wilt’.” Die Sprache 24:25–44.Google Scholar
Craigie, William A., and Aitkin, A. J.. 1937. A dictionary of the older Scottish tongue. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
DW: Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm. Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1854ff. (Rpt. 1965–1989.)Google Scholar
Diefenbach, Lorenz. 1846. Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache. Vol. 1. Frankfurt am Main: Sauerländer.Google Scholar
Diego, Vicente García de. 1968. Diccionario des voces naturales. Madrid: Aguilar.Google Scholar
Diez, Friedrich. 1862. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der romanischen Sprachen. Pt 2. Bonn: Bei Adolph Marcus (5th ed. 1887)Google Scholar
Dolle, Rudolf. 1912. Graphishce und lautliche Untersuchung von Dan Michels “Ayenbite of Inwyt”. Diss. Bonn: Carg Georgi.Google Scholar
Ebbinghaus, E. A. 1991. “Further thoughts on Go. boka” American journal of Germanic linguistics and literatures 3:51–56.Google Scholar
Edlinger, August v. 1886. Erklärung der Tier-Namen aus allen Sprachgebieten. Landshut: Krüll.Google Scholar
Ernout, Alfred, and Antoine, Meillet. 1932. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine. Paris: Klincksieck.Google Scholar
Ettmüller, Ludovicus (= Ettmüller, Ernst Moritz Ludwig). 1861. Vorda Veahstôd Engla and Saxna. Lexicon Anglo-saxo-nicum. Quedlinburg und Leipzig: Gottfr. Basse.Google Scholar
Falk, Hjalmar. 1925. “Svensk ordforskning.” Arkiv för nordisk filologi 41:113–39.Google Scholar
Feist, Sigmund. 1939. Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache. 3rd ed.Leiden: E. J. Brill. (4th ed. by W. P. Lehmann, 1986.)Google Scholar
Fick, August. 1874–1876. Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen. 3rd ed.Göttingen: Vandenhoeck. (4th ed. 1890–1909.)Google Scholar
Finkenstaedt, Thomas and Dieter, Wolff. 1973. Ordered profusion. Studies in dictionaries and the English lexicon. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Google Scholar
Fraenkel, Ernst. 1962. Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Franck, Johannes. 1892. Etymologisch woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal. ′s-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff (2nd ed. 1936).Google Scholar
Fritzner, Johan. 1973. Ordbog over det gamle norske sprog. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.Google Scholar
Gamillscheg, Ernst. 1921. “Französische Etymologien IV.” Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 41:631–47.Google Scholar
Gamillscheg, Ernst. 1928. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der französischen Sprache. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, Eugene. 1931. A systematic tabulation of Indo-European animal names. Language dissertation 8. Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of American & University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Grimms, , the: see DW.Google Scholar
Guiraud, Pierre. 1982. Dictionnaire des étymologies obscures. Paris: Payot.Google Scholar
Hirt, Hermann. 1920. Etymologie der neuhochdeutschen Sprache. 2nd ed.München: Oskar Beck.Google Scholar
Holmboe, Chr. Andr. 1852. Det norske sprogs vœsentligste ordforraad sammenlignet med Sanskrit og andre sprog of samme Æt. Bidrag til en norsk etymologisk ordbog. Wien: Trykt i det keiserlig-kongelige Hof- og Stats-Trykkerie.Google Scholar
Holthausen, F[erdinand]. 1934: see AeEW.Google Scholar
Holthausen, F[erdinand]. 1904–1905. “Etymologien.” Indogermanische Forschungen 17:293–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoops, Johannes. 1889. Über die altenglischen Pflanzennamen. Diss. Freiburg im Breisgau. Freiburg im Breisgau: Universitätsbuchhandlung Chr. Lehmann.Google Scholar
Hoops, Johannes. 1905. Waldbäume und Kulturpflanzen im germanischen Altertum. Strassburg: K. J. Trübner.Google Scholar
Horn, Wilhelm, and Martin, Lehnert. 1954. Laut und Leben. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Horstrup, Paul. 1963. “Snob.” Zeitschrift für deutsche Wortforschung 19:64–74.Google Scholar
Hotten, John. C. 1903. The slang dictionary: Etymological, historical and anecdotal. London: Chatto & Windus.Google Scholar
ID: see The Imperial dictionary.Google Scholar
IEW: Julius Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Bern und München: Francke, 1959.Google Scholar
Ihre, Johann. 1769. Glossarium Suigothicum. Upsaliæ: Typis Edmannianis.Google Scholar
The Imperial dictionary of the English language. 1850. London: Blackie & Son (2nd ed. 1882).Google Scholar
Jamieson, John. 1880. An etymological dictionary of the Scottish language. 2nd ed.Paisley: A. Gardner.Google Scholar
Janssen, Vincent F. 1898. Gesamtindex zu Kluges etymo-logi-schem Wörterbuch. Strassburg: Karl J. Trübner, 1898.Google Scholar
Jensen, Hans. 1908. “Die Verbalflexion im ‘Ayenbite of Inwyt.’” Diss. Kiel.Google Scholar
Jespersen, Otto. 1925. Language: Its nature, development, and origin. New York: Henry Holt and Company.Google Scholar
Johnson, Samuel. 1755. A dictionary of the English language. London: W. Strahan. (2nd ed. rev. Todd, H. J., 1927; rpt. New York: AMS Press, 1967.)Google Scholar
Jordan, Richard. 1903. Die altenglischen Säugetiemamen. Anglistische Forschungen, 12. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Google Scholar
Jordan, Richard. 1925. Handbuch der mittelenglischen Grammatik. Heidelberg: Carl Winter. (2nd ed. 1934, 3rd ed. 1968).Google Scholar
Junius, Franciscus. 1743. Etymologicum Anglicanum. Ed. Lye, Edward. Oxonii: E Theatro Sheldoniano. (Rpt. Los Angeles: Sherwin & Freutel, 1970.)Google Scholar
Klein, Ernest. 1966. A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Kluge, Friedrich. 1883. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. 1st and 2nd ed.Strassburg: K. J. Trübner. (6th ed. 1899; 2nd printing 1905.)Google Scholar
Kluge-Lutz = Kluge Friedrich, and Lutz, F.. 1899. English etymology. London: Blackie & Son.Google Scholar
Kluge-Mitzka, Friedrich Kluge. 1967. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. 20th ed. Ed. Mitzka, Walther. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kluge-Seebold, Friedrich Kluge. 1989. Etymologisches Wörter-buch der deutschen Sprache. 22nd ed. Ed. Seebold, Elmar. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Langenfelt, Gösta. 1931. ‘Stray etymological notes.’ Leuvensche bijdragen 23:117–31.Google Scholar
Liberman, Anatoly. 1990. “Some Germanic words beginning with fl-. Language at play.” General linguistics 30:1–27.Google Scholar
Liberman, Anatoly and Mitchell, J. Lawrence. 1988. “A new etymological dictionary of the English language.” General linguistics 28:176–82.Google Scholar
Lindow, John. 1988. Scandinavian mythology: An annotated bibliography. New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Luick, Karl. 1903. Studien zur englischen Lautgeschichte. Wiener Beiträge zur englischen Philologie, 17. Wien und Leipzig: Wilhelm Braumüller.Google Scholar
Luick, Karl. 1914–1940. Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache. Leipzig: Chr. Herm. Tauchnitz.Google Scholar
Mackay, Charles. 1877. The Gaelic etymology of the languages of Western Europe and more especially of the English and Lowland Scotch, and of their slang, cant, and colloquial dialects. London: N. Trübner and Co.Google Scholar
MED: see Middle English dictionary.Google Scholar
Magnússon, Ásgeir Blöndal. 1989. Íslenzk orðsifjabók. Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans.Google Scholar
Malkiel, Yakov. 1976. Etymological dictionaries: A tentative typology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Malone, Kemp. 1955. “On the etymology of filch.” Modern language notes 70:165–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathews, M. M. 1933. A survey of English dictionaries. London: Oxford Univ. Press. (2nd ed. 1966.)Google Scholar
Mätzner, Eduard. 1885. Altenglische Sprachproben nebst einem Wörterbuche. Berlin: Weidmann.Google Scholar
Mayhew, Anthony L. 1891. Synopsis of Old English phonology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Ménage, Gilles. 1694. Dictionnaire étymologique de langue françoise. Paris: J. Anisson (2nd ed. 1750: Paris, Briasson; rpt. Genève: Slatkin Reprints. 1973.)Google Scholar
Meyer-Lübke., Wilhelm. 1972. Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter (Rpt. of the 1934 edition).Google Scholar
Middle English dictionary. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 1956 –.Google Scholar
Minsheu, (Minshasus) John, . 1617. The guide into the tongues. Published by the author. (Rpt. Delmar, New York: The Scolar Press, 1978.)Google Scholar
Meyer-Lübke., Wilhelm. 1627. The guide into the tongues. 2nd ed.London: John Haviland.Google Scholar
Mogk, E. 1923. Novellistische Darstellung mythologischer Stoffe Snorris und seiner Schule. Folklore Fellows Communications, 51. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.Google Scholar
Morris, Richard. 1876–1887. “On the survival of Early English words in our present dialects.” English dialect society, XIX: 1–12.Google Scholar
Morsbach, Lorenz. 1888. Ueber den ursprung der neuenglischen schriftsprache. Heilbronn: Gebr. Henninger.Google Scholar
Morsbach, Lorenz. 1896. Mittelenglische Grammatik. Halle. Max Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Mueller, Eduard. 1865–1867. Etymologisches Woerterbuch der englischen Sprache. Coethen: Druck und Verlag von Paul Schettler. (2nd ed. 1878.)Google Scholar
NEW: Jan de Vries, Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1971.Google Scholar
Noël, Fr., and Carpentier, L. J.. 1857. Dictionnaire étymologique de langue française. Paris: Librairie & Normant.Google Scholar
Noreen, Adolf. 1892. Altisländische und altwestnorwegische Grammatik. 2nd ed.Halle (Saale): Max Niemeyer.Google Scholar
ODEE: see The Oxford dictionary of English etymology.Google Scholar
Onions, C. T.: see ODEE.Google Scholar
OED: see The Oxford English dictionary.Google Scholar
The Oxford dictionary of English etymology. 1966. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
The Oxford English dictionary. 1884–1928.Google Scholar
Palander, Hugo. 1889. Die althochdeutschen Tiemamen. Diss. Helsingfors. Darmstadt: G. Otto.Google Scholar
Palmer, A. Smyth. 1883. Folk-etymology. London: Henry Holt & Co. (Rpt. New York: Greenwood Press Publisher, 1969.)Google Scholar
Partridge, Eric. 1958. Origins. A short etymological dictionary of Modem English. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Peelers, Christian. 1989. “Prospective Germanic etymologies of English words.” General linguistics 29:201–05.Google Scholar
Persson, Per. 1912. Beiträge zur indogermanischen Wort-forschung. Skrifter utg. of Kungl. humanistiska vetenskaps- sam-fundet i Uppsala, 10. Uppsala: A-B. Akademiska bok-handeln i kommission, etc.; Leipzig: O. Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Pictet, Adolphe. 1859. Les origines indo-européennes. Paris: Joë Cherbuliez.Google Scholar
Pokorny, Julius: see IEW.Google Scholar
The Random House dictionary of the English language. 1967. New York: Random House. (2nd ed. 1987.)Google Scholar
Raucq, Elisabeth. 1939. Contribution à la linguistique des noms d'animaux en indo-européen. Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Werken uitgegeven door de faculteit von de wijsbegeerte en letteren, 88. Antwerpen: De Sikkel, ′s-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Richardson, Charles. 1818–1858. A new dictionary of the English language, combining explanation with etymology. London: Bell and Daldy.Google Scholar
Ronneberger-Sibold, Elke. 1989. Historische Phonologie und Morphologie des Deutschen: eine kommentierte Bibliographie zur strukturellen Forschung. Tübingen: Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Ross, Alan S. C. 1964. “Fox.” English philological studies 9:1–46.Google Scholar
Scheler, Auguste. 1862. Dictionnaire d'étymologie française d'aprés les resultats de la science modeme. Bruxelle: C. Muquardt. (2nd ed. 1873, 3rd ed. 1888.)Google Scholar
Schröer, M. M. Arnold. 1937–1970. Englisches Handwörterbuch in genetischer Darstellung auf Grund der Etymologien und Bedeutungsentwicklungen. Ed. Jaeger, P. L.. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Google Scholar
Skeat, Walter W. 1882. An etymological dictionary of the English language. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (2nd ed. 1884, 3rd ed. 1897, 4th ed. 1909.)Google Scholar
Skeat, Walter W. 1882a.A concise etymological dictionary of the English language. Oxford: Clarendon Press (2nd ed. 1885, 4th ed. 1890, further revised, 1910. New and corrected impression).Google Scholar
Skeat, Walter W. 1876. A list of English words, the etymology of which is illustrated by comparison with Icelandic. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Skeat, Walter W. 1887. Principles of English etymology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Skinner, Stephen. 1671. Etymologicum Linguae Anglicanae. Londoni: Typis T. Roycroft. (Rpt. Los Angeles: Sherwin & Freutel, 1970.)Google Scholar
Söderlind, Johannes. 1968. “The word Lilliput.” Studia neophilologica 40:75–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spitzer, Leo. 1954. “Stubborn.” Modern language notes 69:550–51.Google Scholar
Stender-Petersen, Adolf. 1927. Slawisch-germanische Wortkunde. Göteborgs Vetenskaps- och vitterhets-samhälles handlingar IV, 31/4. Göteborg: Elander.Google Scholar
Stokes, Whitley. 1897. “Celtic etymologies.” Beiträge zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen 23:41–65.Google Scholar
Storm, Joh. 1876. “Mélanges étymologiques.” Romania 5:165–88.Google Scholar
Stratmann, Francis H. 1867. A dictionary of the Old English language. Krefeld: Kramer and Brown. (2nd ed. 1873, 3rd ed. 1878; a new ed. by Bradley, H., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1891, 1911, 1951, 1954.)Google Scholar
Streitberg, Wilhelm A. 1896. Urgermanische Grammatik. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Google Scholar
Sturtevant, Albert M. 1952. “Etymological comments upon certain Old Norse proper names in the Eddas.” Publications of the Modem Language Association 67:1145–62.Google Scholar
Talbot, H. Fox. 1847. English etymologies. London: J. Murray.Google Scholar
Torp, Alf. 1919. Nynorsk etymologisk ordbok. Kristiania: Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard).Google Scholar
Torp, Alf. see “Germanisches Sprachgut” in Fick (1890–1909).Google Scholar
Tullberg, Hampus K. 1868. Bidrag till etymologiskt lexikon över främmande ord i svenska språket. Lund: Af Håkon Ohlssons tryckeri.Google Scholar
UD(EL): The Universal dictionary of the English language. Ed. Wyld, Henry C.. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Valkhoff, Marius. 1912. Étude sur les mots français d'origine néerlandaise. Amersfoort: Valkhoff.Google Scholar
Vasmer, Max. 1964–1973. Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Enlarged Russian ed. Ed. Trubachev, O. N.. Moscow: Progress.Google Scholar
Vendryes, J. 1959ff. Lexique étymologique de l'irlandais ancien. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.Google Scholar
Vries, Jan de: see AEW and NEW.Google Scholar
WP: Alois Walde. 1927–1932. Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen. Ed. Pokorny, Julius. Berlin und Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Wackernagel, Jakob. 1927. “Vergessene Wortdeutungen.” Indogermanische Forschungen 45:309–27.Google Scholar
Walde, Alois. 1905–1906. Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter. (2nd ed. 1910; 3rd ed. by Hofmann, Johann B., 1938–1954.)Google Scholar
Walde-Pokorny: see WP.Google Scholar
Wallenberg, J. K. 1923. The vocabulary of Dan Michel's ′“Ayenbite of Inwyt”. Diss. Uppsala. Uppsala: Appelbergs Boktryckeri Aktienbolag.Google Scholar
Wartburg, Walther von. 1934. Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Vol. 3. Leipzig, Berlin: Verlag B.G. Teubner.Google Scholar
Webster, Noah. 1828. An American dictionary of the English language. New York: S. Converse. (Rpt. New York and London: Johnson Reprint Corporation.)Google Scholar
Webster, Noah. 1864. An American dictionary of the English language. Eds. Goodrich, Chauncey A. and Porter, Noah. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Co.Google Scholar
Webster, Noah. 1909. Webster's new international dictionary. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Company (2nd ed. 1934; 3rd ed. 1961).Google Scholar
Wedgwood, Hensleigh. 1859–1865.A dictionary of English etymology. London: Trübner & Co. (2nd ed. 1872; 3rd ed. 1878; 4th ed. 1888).Google Scholar
Weekley, Ernst. 1921. An etymological dictionary of Modem English. London: John Murray. (Rpt. New York: Dover Publications, 1967).Google Scholar
Weekley, Ernst. 1924. A concise etymological dictionary of Modern English. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Wittmann, Henry. 1964. “Some Hittite etymologies.” Die Sprache 10:144–48.Google Scholar
Wood, Francis A. 1905. Indo-European ax: ax i: ax u. A study in ablaut and in word-formation. Strassubrg: Karl J. Trübner.Google Scholar
Wright, Joseph. 1898–1905. The English dialect dictionary. London, etc.: H. Frowde. (Rpt. London: Oxford Univ. Press.)Google Scholar
Wyld, Henry C.: see UD(EL).Google Scholar
Zupitza, Ernst. 1896. Die germanischen Gutturale. Schriften zur germanischen Philologie, 8. Berlin: Weidmann.Google Scholar