Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T00:56:04.309Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Two Trees with Heterogeneous Beliefs: Spillover Effect of Disagreement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2018

Abstract

In a model where investors disagree about the fundamentals of two stocks, the state-price density depends on investor disagreements for both stocks, especially the larger stock. This implies that disagreement among investors in a large firm has a spillover effect on the pricing of other stocks owned by these investors. The pricing effects of investor disagreements crucially depend on the average belief biases. Empirical findings support the novel model prediction of a disagreement spillover effect and help reconcile some mixed evidence in the literature.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

We thank an anonymous referee, Hendrik Bessembinder and Stephen Brown (the editors), Toshiki Honda, Hagen Kim, Wei Xiong, and seminar participants at Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, the 2014 China International Conference in Finance, and the 2015 Annual Meeting of the Asian Finance Association for helpful discussions and comments. All remaining errors are our own.

References

Abel, A.“Asset Prices under Heterogeneous Beliefs: Implications for the Equity Premium.” Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania (1989).Google Scholar
Addoum, J. M.; Kumar, A.; and Law, K.. “Slow Diffusion of State-Level Information and Return Predictability.” Working Paper, University of Miami (2016).Google Scholar
Anderson, E. W.; Ghysels, E.; and Juergens, J. L.. “Do Heterogeneous Beliefs Matter for Asset Pricing?Review of Financial Studies, 18 (2005), 875924.Google Scholar
Atmaz, A., and Basak, S.. “Belief Dispersion in the Stock Market.” Journal of Finance, 73 (2018), 12251279.Google Scholar
Baker, S. D.; Hollifield, B.; and Osambela, E.. “Disagreement, Speculation, and Aggregate Investment.” Journal of Financial Economics, 119 (2016), 210225.Google Scholar
Banerjee, S.Learning from Prices and the Dispersion in Beliefs.” Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011), 30253068.Google Scholar
Banerjee, S., and Kremer, I.. “Disagreement and Learning: Dynamic Patterns of Trade.” Journal of Finance, 65 (2010), 12691302.Google Scholar
Barberis, N., and Shleifer, A.. “Style Investing.” Journal of Financial Economics, 68 (2003), 161199.Google Scholar
Basak, S.A Model of Dynamic Equilibrium Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Beliefs and Extraneous Risk.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 24 (2000), 6395.Google Scholar
Basak, S.Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Beliefs.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 29 (2005), 28492881.Google Scholar
Basak, S., and Cuoco, D.. “An Equilibrium Model with Restricted Stock Market Participation.” Review of Financial Studies, 11 (1998), 309341.Google Scholar
Borovicka, J.“Survival and Long-Run Dynamics with Heterogeneous Beliefs under Recursive Preferences.” Working Paper, New York University (2016).Google Scholar
Branger, N.; Schlag, C.; and Wu, L.. “Pricing Two Heterogeneous Trees.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 46 (2011), 14371462.Google Scholar
Buraschi, A., and Jiltsov, A.. “Model Uncertainty and Option Markets with Heterogeneous Beliefs.” Journal of Finance, 61 (2006), 28412897.Google Scholar
Buraschi, A.; Trojani, F.; and Vedolin, A.. “When Uncertainty Blows in the Orchard: Comovement and Equilibrium Volatility Risk Premia.” Journal of Finance, 69 (2014), 101137.Google Scholar
Carlin, B. I.; Longstaff, F. A.; and Matoba, K.. “Disagreement and Asset Prices.” Journal of Financial Economics, 114 (2014), 226238.Google Scholar
Chabakauri, G.Dynamic Equilibrium with Two Stocks, Heterogeneous Investors, and Portfolio Constraints.” Review of Financial Studies, 26 (2013), 31043141.Google Scholar
Chen, H.; Joslin, S.; and Tran, N. K.. “Affine Disagreement and Asset Pricing.” American Economic Review, 100 (2010), 522526.Google Scholar
Chen, H.; Joslin, S.; and Tran, N. K.. “Rare Disasters and Risk Sharing with Heterogeneous Beliefs.” Review of Financial Studies, 25 (2012), 21892224.Google Scholar
Chen, J.; Hong, H.; and Stein, J.. “Breadth of Ownership and Stock Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 66 (2002), 171205.Google Scholar
Cochrane, J. H.; Longstaff, F. A.; and Santa-Clara, P.. “Two Trees.” Review of Financial Studies, 21 (2008), 347385.Google Scholar
Cox, J., and Huang, C. F.. “Optimal Consumption and Portfolio Policies When Asset Prices Follow a Diffusion Process.” Journal of Economic Theory, 49 (1989), 3383.Google Scholar
Croitoru, B., and Lu, L.. “Asset Pricing in a Monetary Economy with Heterogeneous Beliefs.” Management Science, 61 (2015), 22032219.Google Scholar
Cuoco, D., and He, H.. “Dynamic Equilibrium in Infinite-Dimensional Economies with Incomplete Financial Markets.” Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania (1994).Google Scholar
David, A.Heterogeneous Beliefs, Speculation, and the Equity Premium.” Journal of Finance, 63 (2008), 4183.Google Scholar
Detemple, J., and Murthy, S.. “Intertemporal Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Beliefs.” Journal of Economic Theory, 62 (1994), 294320.Google Scholar
Diether, K. B.; Malloy, C. J.; and Scherbina, A.. “Differences of Opinion and the Cross Section of Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 21132141.Google Scholar
Dumas, B.; Kurshev, A.; and Uppal, R.. “Equilibrium Portfolio Strategies in the Presence of Sentiment Risk and Excess Volatility.” Journal of Finance, 64 (2009), 579629.Google Scholar
Dumas, B.; Lewis, K. K.; and Osambela, E.. “Differences of Opinion and International Equity Markets.” Review of Financial Studies, 30 (2017), 750800.Google Scholar
Easton, P., and Sommers, G.. “Effect of Analysts’ Optimism on Estimates of the Expected Rate of Return Implied by Earnings Forecasts.” Journal of Accounting Research, 45 (2007), 9831015.Google Scholar
Eberly, J., and Wang, N.. “Reallocating and Pricing Illiquid Capital.” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 99 (2009), 560566.Google Scholar
Gallmeyer, M., and Hollifield, B.. “An Examination of Heterogeneous Beliefs with a Short Sale Constraint in a Dynamic Economy.” Review of Finance, 12 (2008), 323364.Google Scholar
Harris, M., and Raviv, A.. “Differences of Opinion Make a Horse Race.” Review of Financial Studies, 6 (1993), 473506.Google Scholar
Karatzas, I.; Lehoczky, J.; and Shreve, S.. “Existence and Uniqueness of Multi-Agent Equilibrium in a Stochastic, Dynamic Consumption/Investment Model.” Mathematics of Operations Research, 15 (1990), 80128.Google Scholar
Li, T.Heterogeneous Beliefs, Asset Prices, and Volatility in a Pure Exchange Economy.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 31 (2007), 16971727.Google Scholar
Liptser, R. S., and Shiryaev, A. N.. Statistics of Random Processes: I. General Theory. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag (1977).Google Scholar
Martin, I.The Lucas Orchard.” Econometrica, 81 (2013), 55111.Google Scholar
Miller, E. M.Risk, Uncertainty, and Divergence of Opinion.” Journal of Finance, 32 (1977), 11511168.Google Scholar
Osambela, E.Differences of Opinion, Endogenous Liquidity, and Asset Prices.” Review of Financial Studies, 28 (2015), 19141959.Google Scholar
Parsons, C.; Sabbatucci, R.; and Titman, S.. “Geographic Lead-Lag Effects.” Working Paper, University of Southern California (2018).Google Scholar
Pirinsky, C., and Wang, Q.. “Does Corporate Headquarters Location Matter for Stock Returns?Journal of Finance, 61 (2006), 19912015.Google Scholar
Seasholes, M. S., and Zhu, N.. “Individual Investors and Local Bias.” Journal of Finance, 65 (2010), 19872010.Google Scholar
Scheinkman, J., and Xiong, W.. “Overconfidence and Speculative Bubbles.” Journal of Political Economy, 111 (2003), 11831219.Google Scholar
Varian, H. R.Divergence in Opinion in Complete Markets: A Note.” Journal of Finance, 40 (1985), 309317.Google Scholar
Williams, J.Capital Asset Prices with Heterogeneous Beliefs.” Journal of Financial Economics, 5 (1977), 219239.Google Scholar
Xiong, W., and Yan, H.. “Heterogeneous Expectations and Bond Markets.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 14331466.Google Scholar