Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T10:11:37.278Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Mean Reversion in G-10 Nominal Exchange Rates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Richard J. Sweeney
Affiliation:
sweeneyr@msb.edu, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University, 37th and 0 Sts. NW, Washington, DC 20057.

Abstract

According to conventional wisdom, industrial country floating exchange rates contain unit roots. SUR tests on panels of monthly Group of Ten (G-10) log nominal rates reject the null of unit roots for various samples over the current float with significance levels from 0.5% to 15%. On average, in out-of-sample forecasts mean reversion models beat random walks significantly in some forecast periods. For monthly data, the range of expected USD-DEM appreciation rates exceeds 15% per year in the mean reversion model. Mean reversion places strong restrictions on international models: over the sample period, the G-10 had to run monetary policies consistent with stable long-run nominal rates.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abuaf, N., and Jorion, P.Purchasing Power Parity in the Long Run.” Journal of Finance, 45 (1990), 157174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Artis, M. J., and Zhang, W.BVAR Forecasts for the G–7.” International Journal of Forecasting, 6 (1990), 349362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashley, R.On the Relative Worth of Recent Macroeconomic Forecasts.” International Journal of Forecasting, 4 (1988), 363376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baillie, R. T., and Bollerslev, T.Common Stochastic Trends in a System of Exchange Rates.” Journal of Finance, 44 (1989), 167194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baillie, R. T., and Bollerslev, T.Cointegration, Fractional Cointegration and Exchange Rate Dynamics.” Journal of Finance, 49 (1994), 737745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balvers, R.; Wu, Y.; and Gilliland, E.Mean Reversion across National Stock Market and Parametric Contrarian Investment Strategies.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 745772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balz, C.Testing the Stationarity of Interest Rates Using a SUR Approach.” Economic Letters, 60 (1998), 147150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cecchetti, S. G.; Mark, N. C.; and Sonora, R. J.Price Level Convergence among U.S. Cities: Lessons for the European Central Bank.“ Working Paper 32, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (1998).Google Scholar
Chinn, M. D., and Meese, R. A.Banking on Currency Forecasts: How Predictable is the Change in Money?Journal of International Economics, 38 (1995), 161178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coakley, J., and Fuertes, A. M.New Panel Unit Root Tests of PPP.” Economic Letters, 57 (1997), 1722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copeland, T.; Koller, T.; and Murrin, J.Valuation. Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies. 3rd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2000).Google Scholar
Cornell, B., and Dietrich, J. K.The Efficiency of the Market for Foreign Exchange under Floating Exchange Rates.” Review of Economics and Statistics, 60 (1978), 111120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culver, S. E., and Papell, D. H.Is There a Unit Root in the Inflation Rate? Evidence from Sequential Break and Panel-Data Models.” Journal of Applied Econometrics, 12 (1997), 435444.3.0.CO;2-1>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diebold, F. X.; Gardeazabal, J.; and Yilmaz, K.On Cointegration and Exchange Rate Dynamics.” Journal of Finance, 49 (1994), 727735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diebold, F. X., and Mariano, R. S.Comparing Predictive Accuracy.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 13 (1995), 253263.Google Scholar
Diebold, F. X., and Nason, J. A.. “Nonparametric Exchange Rate Prediction.” Journal of International Economics, 28 (1990), 315332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dooley, M. P., and Shafer, J. R.Analysis of Short-Run Exchange Rate Behavior: March, 1973 to September, 1975.” International Finance Discussion Paper 76, Board of Governors of the U.S. Federal Reserve System (1976).Google Scholar
Dumas, B., and Jacquillat, B.Performance of Currency Portfolios Chosen by a Bayesian Technique.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 14 (1990), 539558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dumas, B., and Solnik, B.The World Price of Foreign Exchange Risk.” Journal of Finance, 50 (1995), 445479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, C.Long-Run PPP May Not Hold after All.” Journal of International Economics, 57 (2000), 243273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, C., and Hamilton, J. D.Long Swings in the Dollar: Are They in the Data and Does the Market Know It? American Economic Review, 80 (1990), 689713.Google Scholar
Fleisig, A. R., and Strauss, J.Is OECD Real Per Capita GDP Trend or Difference Stationary? Evidence from Panel Unit-Root Tests.” Journal of Macroeconomics, 21 (1999), 673690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankel, J. A., and Rose, A. K.A Panel Project on Purchasing Power Parity: Mean Reversion within and between Countries.” Journal of International Economics, 40 (1996), 209224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, J. D.Time Series Analysis Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, C. R.The World Price of Covariance Risk.” Journal of Finance, 46 (1991), 111157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holden, K., and Broomhead, A.. “An Examination of Vector Autoregressive Forecasts for the U.K. Economy.” International Journal of Forecasting, 6 (1990), 1123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huizinga, J.An Empirical Investigation of the Long-Run Behavior of Real Exchange Rates.” Carnegie Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 27 (1987), 149210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Im, K. S.; Pesaran, M. H.; and Shin, Y.Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels.” Journal of Econometrics, 115 (2003), 5374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jorion, P., and Sweeney, R. J.Mean Reversion in Real Exchange Rates: Evidence and Implications for Forecasting.” Journal of International Money and Finance, 15 (1996), 535550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlsson, S., and Löthgren, M.On the Power and Interpretation of Panel Unit Root Tests.” Economics Letters, 66 (2000), 247255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LeSage, J. P., and Magure, M.Using Interindustry Input-Output Relations as a Bayesian Prior in Employment Forecasting Models.” International Journal of Forecasting, 7 (1991), 231238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, A., and Lin, C.Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Results.” Working Paper, Univ. of California, San Diego (1992).Google Scholar
Levin, A., and Lin, C.Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: New Results.” Working Paper, Univ. of California, San Diego (1993).Google Scholar
Levin, A.; Lin, C.; and Chu, C. J.Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties.r” Journal of Econometrics, 108 (2002), 124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Logue, D. E.; Sweeney, R. J.; and Willett, T. D.Speculative Behavior of Foreign Exchange Rates during the Current Float.” Journal of Business Research, 6 (1978), 159174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacDonald, R.Panel Unit Root Tests and Real Exchange Rates.” Economics Letters, 50 (1996), 711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mark, N. C.Real and Nominal Exchange Rates in the Long Run: An Empirical Investigation.” Journal of International Economics, 28 (1990), 115136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mark, N. C.Exchange Rates and Fundamentals: Evidence on Long-Horizon Prediction.” American Economic Review, 85 (1995), 201218.Google Scholar
Mark, N. C., and Sul, D.Nominal Exchange Rates and Monetary Fundamentals: Evidence from a Small Post-Bretton Woods Panel.” Journal of International Economics, 53 (2001), 2952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meese, R. A., and Rogoff, K.Empirical Exchange Rate Models of the 1970s: Do They Fit Out of Sample?Journal of International Economics, 14 (1983), 324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meese, R. A., and Singleton, K. J.On Unit Roots and the Empirical Modeling of Exchange Rates.” Journal of Finance, 37 (1982), 10291035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mussa, M.Our Recent Experience with Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates.” Journal of Monetary Economics, 3, Supplementary Series (1976), 123141.Google Scholar
Ng, S., and Perron, P.Unit Root Tests in ARMA Models with Data-Dependent Methods for the Selection of the Truncation.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90 (1995), 268281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obstfeld, M.Floating Exchange Rates: Experience and Prospects.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (1985), 369450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connell, P. G. J.The Overvaluation of Purchasing Power Parity.” Journal of International Economics, 44 (1998), 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oh, K.-Y.Purchasing Power Parity and Unit Root Tests Using Panel Data.” Journal of International Money and Finance, 15 (1996), 405418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oxelheim, L., and Wihlborg, C.Managing in the Turbulent World Economy.” New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (1997).Google Scholar
Papell, D. H.Searching for Stationarity: Purchasing Power Parity under the Current Float.Journal of International Economics, 43 (1997), 313332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papell, D. H., and Theodoridis, H.Increasing Evidence of Purchasing Power Parity over the Current Float.” Journal of International Money and Finance, 17 (1998), 4150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perron, P.The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit Root Hypothesis.” Econometrica, 57 (1989), 13611401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perron, P., and Rodríguez, G.Searching for Additive Outliers in Nonstationary Time Series.” Journal of Time Series Analysis, 24 (2003), 193220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, P. C. B., and Moon, H. R.Linear Regression Limit Theory for Nonstationary Panel Data.” Econometrica, 67 (1999), 10571111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roll, R., and Solnik, B.A Pure Foreign Exchange Asset Pricing Model.” Journal of International Economics, 7 (1977), 161179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarno, L., and Taylor, M. P.The Behavior of Real Exchange Rates during the Post-Breton Woods Period.” Journal of International Economics, 46 (1998), 281312.Google Scholar
Siddique, A., and Sweeney, R. J.Forecasting Real Exchange Rates.” Journal of International Money and Finance, 17 (1998), 6370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweeney, R. J.Fed Intervention, Dollar Appreciation, and Systematic Risk.” Working Paper, Georgetown Univ. (2004).Google Scholar
Theil, H.Principles of Econometrics New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons (1971).Google Scholar
Wei, S., and Parsley, D.Purchasing Power Disparity during the Floating Rate Period: Exchange Rate Volatility, Trade Barriers and Other Culprits.” Working Paper, NBER (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, H.A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity.” Econometrica, 48 (1980), 817838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Y.Are Real Exchange Rates Nonstationary? Evidence from a Panel-Data Test.” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 28 (1996), 5463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Y., and Zhang, H.Mean Reversion in Interest Rates: New Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries.” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 28 (1996), 604621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zivot, E., and Andrews, D. W. K.Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil Price Stock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10 (1992), 251270.Google Scholar