Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T05:06:21.177Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Limited Partnerships and Reputation Formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Jarl G. Kallberg
Affiliation:
jkallber@stern.nyu.edu, Department of Finance, Stern School of Business, New York University, 44 West 4th St., New York, NY 10012
Crocker H. Liu
Affiliation:
cliu@stern.nyu.edu, Department of Finance, Stern School of Business, New York University, 44 West 4th St., New York, NY 10012;
Anand Srinivasan
Affiliation:
asriniva@terry.uga.edu, Department of Banking and Finance, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia, Brooks Hall, Athens, GA 30602.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the optimal quality decision of a producer in a multi-period setting with reputation effects. Using a unique database of returns on real estate limited partnerships (RELPs), we empirically examine alternative theoretical predictions of optimal producer strategy. In particular, we test whether the producers in our market invest in reputation building by initially selling high quality goods and then lowering quality. Using a variety of statistical tests, we find evidence consistent with reputation building, both in the aggregate and for individual developers.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akerlof, G. A.The Market for Lemons: Qualitative Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84 (1970), 488500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B.Forecasting the Discounts of Market Prices from Appraised Values for Real Estate Limited Partnerships.” Real Estate Economics, 24 (1996), 471492.Google Scholar
Beatty, R. P., and Ritter, J. R.. “Investment Banking, Reputation, and the Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings.” Journal of Financial Economics, 15 (1986), 213232.Google Scholar
Binmore, K.; Shaked, A.; and Sutton, J.. “Testing Noncooperative Bargaining Theory: A Preliminary Study.” American Economic Review, 75 (1985), 11781180.Google Scholar
Bloomfield, R.Learning a Mixed Strategy Equilibrium in the Laboratory.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 25 (1994), 411436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth, J. R., and Smith, R. L. JrCapital Raising, Underwriting and the Certification Hypothesis.” Journal of Financial Economics, 15 (1986), 261281.Google Scholar
Brown, R. L.; Durbin, J.; and Evans, J. M.. “Techniques for Testing for the Constancy of Regression Relationships over Time,” (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 37 (1975), 149192.Google Scholar
Brown, S. J., and Goetzmann, W. N.. “Mutual Fund Styles.” Journal of Financial Economics, 43 (1997), 373399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S. J.; Goetzmann, W. N.; and Ross, S.. “Survival.” Journal of Finance, 50 (1995), 853873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, D. W.Reputation Acquisition in Debt Markets.” Journal of Political Economy, 97 (1989), 828862.Google Scholar
Diamond, D. W.. “Monitoring and Reputation: The Choice between Bank Loans and Directly Placed Debt.” Journal of Political Economy, 99 (1991), 689721.Google Scholar
Genesove, D.Adverse Selection in the Wholesale Used Car Market.” Journal of Political Economy, 101 (1993), 644665.Google Scholar
Gorton, G.Reputation Formation in Early Bank Note Markets.” Journal of Political Economy, 104 (1996), 346397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, W.Econometric Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall (2000).Google Scholar
Jung, Y. J.; Kagel, J. H.; and Levin, D.. “On the Existence of Predatory Pricing: An Experimental Study of Reputation and Entry Deterrence in the Chain-Store Game.” Rand Journal of Economics, 25 (1994), 7293.Google Scholar
Kallberg, J., and Liu, C.. “Risk and Return in RELPs.” In Surviving the Crisis in Retirement Systems. Altman, and Vanderhoof, , eds., Homewood, IL: Irwin (1995).Google Scholar
Kapplin, S., and Schwartz, A. JrAn Analysis of Recent Rates of Return and of the Secondary Market for Public Real Estate Limited Partnerships.” Journal of Real Estate Research, 1 (1986), 3344.Google Scholar
Kapplin, S., and Schwartz, A. JrPublic Real Estate Limited Partnership Returns: A Preliminary Comparison with Other Investments.” AREUEA Journal, 16 (1988), 6368.Google Scholar
Klein, B., and Leffler, K.. “The Role of Market Forces in Assuring Contractual Performance.” Journal of Political Economy, 89 (1981), 615641.Google Scholar
Mehta, C. R., and Beranek, W.. “Tracking Asset Volatility by Means of a Bayesian Switching Regression.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 17 (1982), 241263.Google Scholar
Neelin, J.; Sonnenschein, H.; and Spiegel, M.. “A Further Test of Noncooperative Bargaining Theory: Comment.” American Economic Review, 78 (1988), 824836.Google Scholar
Quandt, R. E.The Estimation of the Parameters of a Linear Regression System Obeying Two Separate Regimes.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53 (1958), 873880.Google Scholar
Quandt, R. E.Tests of the Hypothesis that a Linear Regression System Obeys Two Separate Regimes.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 55 (1960), 324330.Google Scholar
Quandt, R. E.A New Approach to Estimating Switching Regressions.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 67 (1972), 306310.Google Scholar
Quandt, R. E., and Ramsey, J. B.. “Estimating Mixtures of Normal Distributors and Switching Regressions,” (with discussion). Journal of the American Statistical Association, 73 (1978), 730752.Google Scholar
Rogers, R., and Owers, J.. “The Investment Performance of Real Estate Limited Partnerships.” AREUEA Journal, 13 (1985), 153166.Google Scholar
Roth, A., and Schoumaker, F.. “Expectations and Reputations in Bargaining: An Experimental Study.” American Economic Review, 73 (1984), 362372.Google Scholar
Schmidt, P.An Improved Version of the Quandt-Ramsey MGF Estimator for Mixtures of Normal Distributions and Switching Regressions.” Econometrica, 50 (1982), 501–516.Google Scholar
Selden, L.A New Representation of Preferences over Certain and Uncertain Consumption Pairs: The Ordinal Certainty Equivalent Hypothesis.” Econometrica, 46 (1978), 10451060.Google Scholar
Shapiro, C.Consumer Information, Product Quality, and Seller Reputation.” Bell Journal of Economics, 13 (1982), 2035.Google Scholar
Shapiro, C.. “Premiums for High Quality Products as Returns to Reputations.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98 (1983a), 659679.Google Scholar
Shapiro, C.. “Optimal Pricing of Experience Goods.” Bell Journal of Economics, 14 (1983b), 497507.Google Scholar
Slade, M.Vancouver's Gasoline-Price Wars: An Empirical Exercise in Uncovering Supergame Strategies.” Review of Economic Studies, 59 (1992), 257276.Google Scholar
Stanger, R., and Allaire, K.. How to Evaluate Real Estate Partnerships. Shrewsbury, NJ: Robert A. Stanger and Company (1986).Google Scholar
Tirole, J.The Theory of Industrial Organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (1988)Google Scholar
Wolfson, M. A. “Empirical Evidence of Incentive Problems and Their Mitigation in Oil and Gas Tax Shelter Programs.” In Principals and Agents: The Structure of Business, Pratt, J. W. and Zeckhauser, R., eds. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press (1991).Google Scholar
Zupan, M. A.Cable Franchise Renewals: Do Incumbent Firms Behave Opportunistically?Rand Journal of Economics, 20 (1989), 473482.Google Scholar