Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4rdrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-29T20:39:02.113Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Impact of Regulation Fair Disclosure: Trading Costs and Information Asymmetry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Venkat R. Eleswarapu
Affiliation:
veleswar@mail.cox.smu.edu, Edwin L. Cox School of Business, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750333, Dallas, TX 75275–0333.
Rex Thompson
Affiliation:
rex@mail.cox.smu.edu, Edwin L. Cox School of Business, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750333, Dallas, TX 75275–0333.
Kumar Venkataraman
Affiliation:
kumar@mail.cox.smu.edu, Edwin L. Cox School of Business, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750333, Dallas, TX 75275–0333.

Abstract

In October 2000, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) passed Regulation Fair Disclosure (FD) in an effort to reduce selective disclosure of material information by firms to analysts and other investment professionals. We find that the information asymmetry reflected in trading costs at earnings announcements has declined after Regulation FD, with the decrease more pronounced for smaller and less liquid stocks. Return volatility around mandatory announcements is also lower but overall information flow is unchanged when mandatory and voluntary announcements are combined. Thus, the SEC appears to have diminished the advantage of informed investors, without increasing volatility.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agarwal, A., and Chadha, S.. “Who is Afraid of Reg FD? The Behavior and Performance of Sell-Side Analysts following the SEC's Fair Disclosure Rules.” Working Paper, Univ. of Alabama (2002).Google Scholar
Aharony, J., and Swary, I.. “Quarterly Dividend and Earnings Announcements and Stockholders' Returns: An Empirical Analysis.” Journal of Finance, 35 (1980), 112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Investment Management Research. “Regulation FD E-Survey Summary.” (2001).Google Scholar
Bellezza, S.; Huang, R.; and Spiess, K.. “Selective Disclosure and Opportunistic Trading: An Analysis of Discretionary Earnings Announcements.” Working Paper, Univ. of Notre Dame (2002).Google Scholar
Bessembinder, H.Trade Execution Costs and Market Quality after Decimalization.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 38 (2003), 747777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bessembinder, H., and Kaufman, H.. “A Comparison of Trade Execution Costs for NYSE and NASDAQ-Listed Stocks.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 32 (1997), 287310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brennan, M. J.; Jegadeesh, N.; and Swaminathan, B.. “Investment Analysis and the Adjustment of Stock Prices to Common Information.” Review of Financial Studies, 6 (1993), 799824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boudoukh, J.; Richardson, M.; and Smith, T.. “Is the Ex Ante Risk Premium Always Positive? A New Approach to Testing Conditional Asset Pricing Models.” Journal of Financial Economics, 34 (1993), 281306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowen, , D.; Davis, , A.; and , D.Matsumoto, . “Do Conference Calls Affect Analysts' Forecasts?The Accounting Review, 77 (2002), 285316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dempsey, S. J.Predisclosure Information Search Incentives, Analyst Following, and Earnings Announcement Price Response.” The Accounting Review, 64 (1989), 748757.Google Scholar
Easley, D.; Kiefer, N. M.; O'Hara, M.; and Paperman, J. B.. “Liquidity, Information and Infrequently Traded Stocks.” Journal of Finance, 51 (1996), 14051436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankel, R.; Johnson, M.; and Skinner, D.J.. “An Empirical Analysis of Conference Calls as a Voluntary Disclosure Medium.” Journal of Accounting Research, 37 (1999), 133150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glosten, L. R., and Milgrom, P. R.. “Bid, Ask and Transaction Prices in a Specialist Market with Heterogeneously Informed Traders.” Journal of Financial Economics, 14 (1985), 71100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heflin, F.; Subramanyam, K. R.; and Zhang, Y.. “Regulation FD and the Financial Information Environment: Early Evidence.” The Accounting Review, 78 (2003), 137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, H.; Lim, T.; and Stein, J. C.. “Bad News Travels Slowly: Size, Analyst Coverage and the Profitability of Momentum Strategies.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 265295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, R., and Stoll, H.. “Dealer versus Auction Markets: A Paired Comparison of Execution Costs on NASDAQ and NYSE.” Journal of Financial Economics, 41 (1996), 313357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janakiraman, S.; Radhakrishnan, S.; and Szwejkowski, R.. “Impact of Regulation Fair Disclosure on the Quality of Analysts' Forecasts.” Working Paper, Univ. of Texas at Dallas (2002).Google Scholar
Kim, O., and Verrechia, R. E.. “Market Reaction to Anticipated Announcements.” Journal of Financial Economics, 30 (1991), 273309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, O., and Verrechia, R. E.. “Market Liquidity And Volume around Earnings Announcements.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 17 (1994), 4167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, C. M. C.Market Integration and Price Execution for NYSE-Listed Securities.” Journal of Finance 48 (1993), 10091038.Google Scholar
Lee, C. M. C.; Mucklow, B.; and Ready, M. J.. “Spreads, Depths, and the Impact of Earnings Information: An Intraday Analysis.” Review of Financial Studies, 6 (1993), 345374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, C. M. C., and Ready, M.. “Inferring Trade Directions from Intraday Data.” Journal of Finance, 46 (1991), 733746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, S. A.Information and Volatility: The No-Arbitrage Martingale Approach to Timing and Resolution Irrelevancy.” Journal of Finance, 44 (1989), 117.Google Scholar
Securities and Exchange Commission. “Selective Disclosure and Insider Trading.” (1999).Google Scholar
Securities Industries Association. “Costs and Benefits of Regulation Fair Disclosure.” (2001).Google Scholar
Straser, V.Regulation Fair Disclosure and Information Asymmetry.” Working Paper, Univ. of Notre Dame (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundar, S.V.Investor Access to Conference Call Disclosures: Impact of Regulation Fair Disclosure on Information Asymmetry.” Working Paper, New York Univ. (2002).Google Scholar
Topaloglu, S.An Examination of Institutional Trading Activity before and after Regulation Fair Disclosure.” Working Paper, Arizona State Univ. (2002).Google Scholar
Wolak, F. A.Testing Inequality Constraints in Linear Econometric Models.” Journal of Econometrics, 41 (1989), 205235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zitzewitz, E.Regulation Fair Disclosure and the Private Information of Analysts.” Working Paper, Stanford Univ. (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar