Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pftt2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-01T13:55:13.751Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Do Overvaluation-Driven Stock Acquisitions Really Benefit Acquirer Shareholders?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 August 2013

Mehmet E. Akbulut*
Affiliation:
makbulut@fullerton.edu, Mihaylo School of Business, California State University Fullerton, PO Box 34080, Fullerton, CA 92834

Abstract

I study the effects of overvalued equity on acquisition activity and shareholder wealth, using managers’ insider trades to measure overvaluation. I find that overvalued equity drives managers to make stock acquisitions, and such acquisitions destroy value for acquirer shareholders. Overvalued stock acquirers earn negative and lower returns in the short run and substantially underperform similarly overvalued nonacquirer firms in the long run. My results do not support the idea that managers can benefit shareholders by converting overvalued equity into real assets through stock acquisitions.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agrawal, A., and Nasser, T.. “Insider Trading in Takeover Targets.” Journal of Corporate Finance, 18 (2012), 598625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ang, J., and Cheng, Y.. “Direct Evidence on the Market-Driven Acquisitions Theory.” Journal of Financial Research, 29 (2006), 199216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. M., and Lyon, J. D.. “Detecting Long-Run Abnormal Stock Returns: The Empirical Power and Specification of Test Statistics.” Journal of Financial Economics, 43 (1997), 341372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barberis, N., and Huang, M.. “Mental Accounting, Loss Aversion, and Individual Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 56 (2001), 12471292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beneish, M., and Vargus, M.. “Insider Trading, Earnings Quality, and Accrual Mispricing.” Accounting Review, 77 (2002), 755791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bettis, C.; Coles, J.; and Lemmon, M.. “Corporate Policies Restricting Trading by Insiders.” Journal of Financial Economics, 57 (2000), 191220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billett, M. T., and Qian, Y.. “Are Overconfident CEOs Born or Made? Evidence of Self-Attribution Bias from Frequent Acquirers.” Management Science, 54 (2008), 10371051.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, J.; Song, M. H.; and Walkling, R. A.. “Anticipation, Acquisitions, and Bidder Returns: Industry Shocks and the Transfer of Information across Rivals.” Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011), 22422285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, J., and Vijh, A. M.. “Incentive Effects of Illiquid Stock and Option Holdings of Target and Acquirer CEOs.” Journal of Finance, 61 (2007), 18911933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung, K. H.; Elder, J.; and Kim, J.. “Corporate Governance and Liquidity.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 45 (2010), 265291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Core, J. E.; Guay, W. R.; Richardson, S. A.; and Verdi, R. S.. “Stock Market Anomalies: What Can We Learn from Repurchases and Insider Trading?Review of Accounting Studies, 11 (2006),4970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniel, K. D.; Hirshleifer, D.; and Subrahmanyam, A.. “Overconfidence, Arbitrage, and Equilibrium Asset Pricing.” Journal of Finance, 56 (2001), 921965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, M.; Hirshleifer, D.; Richardson, S.; and Teoh, S. H.. “Does Investor Misvaluation Drive the Takeover Market?Journal of Finance, 61 (2006), 725762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edmister, R. O., and Walkling, R. A.. “Determinants of Tender Offer Premiums.” Financial Analysts Journal, 41 (1985), 2737.Google Scholar
Fama, E. F. “Market Efficiency, Long-Term Returns and Behavioral Finance.” Journal of Financial Economics, 49 (1998), 283306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F., and French, K.. “Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds.” Journal of Financial Economics, 33 (1993), 356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F., and French, K.. “Industry Costs of Equity.” Journal of Financial Economics, 43 (1997), 153193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fu, F.; Lin, L.; and Officer, M.. “Acquisitions Driven by Stock Overvaluation: Are They Good Deals?Journal of Financial Economics, 109 (2013), 2439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harford, J.; Humphery-Jenner, M. L.; and Powell, R.. “The Sources of Value Destruction in Acquisitions by Entrenched Managers.” Journal of Financial Economics, 106 (2012), 247261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoberg, G., and Phillips, G.. “Product Market Synergies and Competition in Mergers and Acquisitions: A Text-Based Analysis.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 37733811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeng, L. A.; Metrick, A.; and Zeckhauser, R.. “The Profits to Insider Trading: A Performance-Evaluation Perspective.” NBER Working Paper No. 6913 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, M. C. “Agency Costs of Overvalued Equity.” Financial Management, 34 (2005), 519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahl, M.; Liu, J.; and Longstaff, F.. “Paper Millionaires: How Valuable Is Stock to a Stockholder Who Is Restricted from Selling It.” Journal of Financial Economics, 67 (2003), 385410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, M.; Kogan, L.; and Serafeim, G.. “Mutual Fund Trading Pressure: Firm-Level Stock Price Impact and Timing of SEOs.” Journal of Finance, 67 (2012), 13711395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, I. “Do Firms Knowingly Sell Overvalued Equity?Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 14391466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lie, E. “Operating Performance Following Open Market Share Repurchase Announcements.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39 (2005), 411436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loughran, T., and Ritter, J.. “Uniformly Least Powerful Tests of Market Efficiency.” Journal ofFinancial Economics, 55 (2000), 361389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loughran, T., and Vijh, A. M.. “Do Long-Term Shareholders Benefit from Corporate Acquisitions?Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 17651790.Google Scholar
Lu, Q., and Savor, P. G.. “Do Stock Mergers Create Value for Acquirers?Journal of Finance, 64 (2009), 10611097.Google Scholar
Ma, Q.; Whidbee, D. A.; and Zhang, W.. “Value, Valuation, and the Long-Run Performance of Merged Firms.” Journal of Corporate Finance, 1 (2011), 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, K. J. “The Method of Payment in Corporate Acquisitions, Investment Opportunities, and Management Ownership.” Journal of Finance, 51 (1996), 12271246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meulbroek, L. K. “Does Risk Matter? Corporate Insider Transactions in Internet-Based Firms.”Harvard Business School Working Paper 00-062 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, M., and Stafford, E.. “Managerial Decisions and Long-Run Stock Performance.” Journal of Business, 73 (2001), 287329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moeller, S.; Schlingemann, F. P.; and Stulz, R. M.. “Wealth Destruction on a Massive Scale? A Study of Acquiring-Firm Returns in the Recent Merger Wave.” Journal of Finance, 60 (2005), 757782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, R. Merger Movements in the American Industry 1895–1956. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1959).Google Scholar
Netter, J. M.; Stegemoller, M.; and Wintoki, M. B.. “Implications of Data Screens on Merger and Acquisition Analysis: A Large Sample Study of Mergers and Acquisitions from 1992–2009.”Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011), 23162357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newey, W., and West, K.. “A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix.” Econometrica, 55 (1987), 703708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Officer, M. “Termination Fees in Mergers and Acquisitions.” Journal of Financial Economics, 69 (2003), 431467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinkowitz, L. F.; Sturgess, J.; and Williamson, R. G.. “Do Cash Stockpiles Fuel Cash Acquisitions?Journal of Corporate Finance, 23 (2013), 128149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhodes-Kropf, M.; Robinson, D. T.; and Viswanathan, S.. “Valuation Waves and Acquisition Activity: The Empirical Evidence.” Journal of Financial Economics, 77 (2005), 561603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhodes-Kropf, M., and Viswanathan, S.. “Market Valuation and Merger Waves.” Journal of Finance, 59 (2004), 26852718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritter, J. “The Long-Run Performance of Initial Public Offerings.” Journal of Finance, 46 (1991), 327.Google Scholar
Rozeff, M. S., and Zaman, M. A.. “Market Efficiency and Insider Trading: New Evidence.” Journal of Business, 61 (1988), 2544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seyhun, H. N. “Insiders’ Profits, Costs of Trading, and Market Efficiency.” Journal of Financial Economics, 16 (1986), 189212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seyhun, H. N. “The Information Content of Aggregate Insider Trading.” Journal of Business, 61 (1988), 124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shleifer, A., and Vishny, R. W.. “Stock Market Driven Acquisitions.” Journal of Financial Economics, 70 (2003), 129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, W. “Does Overvaluation Lead to Bad Mergers?” AFA 2007 Chicago Meetings Paper (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, H. “A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test forHeteroskedasticity.” Econometrica, 48 (1980), 817838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar