Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T04:01:38.977Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Do Large Gains Make Willing Sellers?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2021

Dong Hong
Affiliation:
Independentdhong1974@gmail.com
Roger K. Loh
Affiliation:
Singapore Management Universityrogerloh@smu.edu.sg
Mitch Warachka*
Affiliation:
Chapman University
*
warachka@chapman.edu (corresponding author)
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Using unique real estate data that allow for accurately measured capital gains, we examine whether sell propensities depend on the magnitude of a seller’s capital gain. We find that short-term sell propensities are flat over losses and increasing in gains. Consistent with their higher sell propensities, selling prices are lower for properties with larger gains. Large-sized short-term stock investments also have sell propensities that are flat over losses and increasing in gains, although the sell propensities of typical-sized short-term stock investments are V-shaped. Our findings provide empirical support for theories of realization utility.

Type
Research Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - SA
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is included and the original work is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington

Footnotes

We thank an anonymous referee, Jennifer Conrad (the editor), and Peter Kelly (a referee) for their valuable comments. We also thank Tom Aabo, Sumit Agarwal, Brad Barber, Jiangze Bian, Hyun-Soo Choi, Phil Dybvig, Bing Han, David Hirshleifer, Harrison Hong, Maggie Hu, Roni Michaely, Milena Petrova, Todd Sinai, Joshua Spizman, Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, Wei Xiong, as well as seminar participants at Claremont McKenna College, Loyola Marymount University, Singapore Management University, and Tsinghua University for their helpful comments. We acknowledge financial support from the Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics.

References

Agarwal, S.; Green, R. K.; Rosenblatt, E.; and Yao, V.. Collateral Pledge, Sunk-Cost Fallacy and Mortgage Default.” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 24 (2015), 636652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agarwal, S.; He, J.; Sing, T. F.; and Song, C.. “Do Real Estate Agents have Information Advantages in Housing Markets?Journal of Financial Economics, 134 (2019), 715735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agarwal, S., and Qian, W.. “Access to Home Equity and Consumption: Evidence from a Policy Experiment.” Review of Economics and Statistics, 99 (2017), 4052.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agarwal, S.; Rengarajan, S.; Sing, T. F.; and Yang, Y.. “School Allocation Rules and Housing Prices: A Quasi-Experiment with School Relocation Events in Singapore.” Regional Science and Urban Economics, 58 (2016), 4256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. M.; Lee, Y.-T.; Liu, Y.-J.; and Odean, T.. “Is the Aggregate Investor Reluctant to Realise Losses? Evidence from Taiwan.” European Financial Management, 13 (2007), 423447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. M., and Odean, T.. “Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 773806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barberis, N., and Xiong, W.. “What Drives the Disposition Effect? An Analysis of a Long-Standing Preference-Based Explanation.” Journal of Finance, 64 (2009), 751784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barberis, N., and Xiong, W.. “Realization Utility.” Journal of Financial Economics, 104 (2012), 251271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-David, I., and Hirshleifer, D.. “Are Investors Really Reluctant to Realize Their Losses? Trading Responses to Past Returns and the Disposition Effect.” Review of Financial Studies, 25 (2012), 24852532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Case, K. E.; Quigley, J. M.; and Shiller, R. J.. “Wealth Effects Revisited 1975–2012.” Critical Finance Review, 2 (2013), 101128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cici, G.The Prevalence of the Disposition Effect in Mutual Funds’ Trades.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 47 (2012), 795820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crane, A. D., and Hartzell, J. C.. “Is There a Disposition Effect in Corporate Investment Decisions? Evidence from Real Estate Investment Trusts.” Working Paper, University of Texas, Austin (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydman, C.; Barberis, N.; Camerer, C. F.; Bossaerts, P. L.; and Rangel, A.. “Using Neural Data to Test a Theory of Investor Behavior: An Application to Realization Utility.” Journal of Finance, 69 (2014), 907946.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydman, C.; Hartzmark, S. M.; and Solomon, D. H.. “Rolling Mental Accounts.” Review of Financial Studies, 31 (2018), 362397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gan, J.The Real Effects of Asset Market Bubbles: Loan- and Firm-Level Evidence of a Lending Channel.” Review of Financial Studies, 20 (2007), 19411973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gan, J.Housing Wealth and Consumption Growth: Evidence from a Large Panel of Households.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 22292267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genesove, D., and Mayer, C.. “Loss Aversion and Seller Behavior: Evidence from the Housing Market.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116 (2001), 12331260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genesove, D., and Mayer, C. J.. “Equity and Time to Sale in the Real Estate Market.” American Economic Review, 87 (1997), 255269.Google Scholar
Ghysels, E.; Plazzi, A.; Valkanov, R.; and Torous, W.. “Forecasting Real Estate Prices.” In Handbook of Economic Forecasting, Vol. 2 of Handbook of Economic Forecasting Elliott, G.; Granger, C.; and Timmermann, A., eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier (2013).Google Scholar
Giglio, S.; Maggiori, M.; and Stroebel, J.. “Very Long-Run Discount Rates.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130 (2015), 153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gormley, T. A., and Matsa, D. A.. “Common Errors: How to (and Not to) Control for Unobserved Heterogeneity.” Review of Financial Studies, 27 (2014), 617661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, W. H. “The Behavior of the Fixed Effects Estimator in Nonlinear Models.” Working Paper, New York University (2002).Google Scholar
Grinblatt, M., and Han, B.. “Prospect Theory, Mental Accounting, and Momentum.” Journal of Financial Economics, 78 (2005), 311339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, L.The Effects of Price Risk on Housing Demand: Empirical Evidence from U.S. Markets.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 38893928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, L.Understanding the Puzzling Risk-Return Relationship for Housing.” Review of Financial Studies, 26 (2013), 877928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartzmark, S. M., and Solomon, D. H.. “The Dividend Disconnect.” Journal of Finance, 74 (2019), 21532199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayunga, D. K., and Munneke, H. J.. “Examining Both Sides of the Transaction: Bargaining in the Housing Market.” Real Estate Economics, 47 (2019), 129.Google Scholar
Ingersoll, J. E., and Jin, L. J.. “Realization Utility with Reference-Dependent Preferences.” Review of Financial Studies, 26 (2013), 723767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahneman, D., and Tversky, A.. “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk.” Econometrica, 47 (1979), 263291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaustia, M.Prospect Theory and the Disposition Effect.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 45 (2010), 791812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, P.The Information Content of Realized Losses.” Review of Financial Studies, 31 (2018), 24682498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Connell, P. G. J., and Teo, M.. “Institutional Investors, Past Performance, and Dynamic Loss Aversion.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44 (2009), 155188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odean, T.Are Investors Reluctant to Realize their Losses?Journal of Finance, 53 (1998), 17751798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shefrin, H., and Statman, M.. “The Disposition to Sell Winners Too Early and Ride Losers Too Long: Theory and Evidence.” Journal of Finance, 40 (1985), 777790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, J. C.Prices and Trading Volume in the Housing Market: A Model with Down-Payment Effects.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110 (1995), 379406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vinson, P.House Prices and Consumption in the United States.” Real Estate Economics, 46 (2018), 128.Google Scholar
Weber, M., and Camerer, C. F.. “The Disposition Effect in Securities Trading: An Experimental Analysis.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 33 (1998), 167184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar