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English Christianity and the Australian Colonies, 1788–1860

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2011

J. D. Bollen
Affiliation:
Senior Lecturer in History, Macquarie University, N.S.W., Australia

Extract

In the England of 1840, as Professor Chadwick observes, the idea of mission pertained to the lapsed at home as well as the heathen overseas. This article, in discussing connexions between the English Churches and the Australian colonies, deals with a third meaning: colonial mission. The seventeenth-century association of religion and colonisation is well known. The bearing of religion (heathen missions excepted) on the imperialism of the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries, and the response of English Christianity to settlement colonies in this period, have occasioned less discussion. Most familiar are the points where religion was drawn into imperial policy, as in British North America after the Revolution. Promotion of the Church of England was part of an overhaul of imperial administration in New South Wales as well. But in the new century this method of achieving political and social stability ran into difficulties at home. In Australia it was ineffective and little more popular than in the Canadas. By 1830 religion was ceasing to be an instrument of imperial policy. The new bearers of British Christianity overseas, the evangelical missionary societies, had been founded with the heathen in view and generally avoided other engagements. The missionary fervour of the post-Napoleonic period thus coincided with indifference to the religious needs of emigrants and colonists. A response came in the 1830s in the form of colonial missionary societies and a quickening of the older Church societies. Though never a match for the home and heathen enterprises of Victorian Christianity, the colonial missions had roots in the nation's past. They expressed the various aspirations of the home Churches and were part of the phenomenon of empire.

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Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1977

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page 376 note 3 Annual Report, 1845, 11. This affinity for colonies was evident also at the time of the American Revolution; see Harlow, op. cit., i, 150–1, ii, 792; Knorr, op. cit., 195–200.

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page 377 note 2 Christian Witness, xii (1855), 332–4, 379–82. Report on British Missions, Year Book, 1850, 81; 1851, 82.

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page 377 note 4 Ibid., 21 January 1839.

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page 379 note 1 Annual Report, 1826, sermon, 22; Proceedings, 1837–8, sermon, 1–11.

page 379 note 2 Proceedings, 1841–2, 1–11: sermon by Wilberforce, Samuel, ‘The Law of Christian Colonization’. Wilberforce was at this time working on his History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in America, London 1844Google Scholar, which advocated colonial mission and the idea of a missionary bishop. See Newsome, David, The Parting of Friends, London 1966, 215–18.Google Scholar

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page 380 note 2 Colonial Church and School Society, Minute Book, 7 February 1854. Records of this and related societies are held by Commonwealth and Continental Church Society, 175 Tower Bridge Road, London.

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page 380 note 4 Colonial and Continental Church Society, Annual Report, 1861; Minute Book, 19 April 1866; 21 January, 19 August 1869.

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page 380 note 6 B. W. Noel, Occasional Paper, v, extracts from annual meeting, 3 May 1843, 5.

page 381 note 1 Cnattingius, op. cit., 195.

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page 383 note 4 A. F. Madden, op. cit., 358f.

page 384 note 1 The Church of England Society for Educating the Poor of Newfoundland and the Colonies, Proceedings, 1847, annual sermon, 10; Christian Spectator, 16 January 1839.

page 384 note 2 The Church of Scotland set up a permanent Colonial Missions Committee in 1836; the Glasgow Colonial Society had supplied Canadian need since 1824. See Chambers, D., ‘The Kirk and the colonies in the early 19th Century’, Historical Stuthes, XVI (1975), 381401. J. D. Lang, the pioneer Presbyterian minister, still found cause to berate the Church of Scotland and looked to American Presbyterianism; Lang to Russell, 29 July 1840 [copy]: Despatches to the Governor of New South Wales, July-December 1840, Mitchell Library MS. A1283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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