^{page 195 note 1} Briggs, Asa, Victorian Cities, London 1963, especially 66, 110–11, 120, 188–9, 204Google Scholar; Inglis, K. S., ‘Patterns of Religious Worship in 1851’, in this Journal, xi (1960), 81–3.Google Scholar

^{page 195 note 2} A cotton mill built in 1838 was the only one in the town: Baines, Thomas, History of the Commerce and Town of Liverpool, London 1852, 649.Google Scholar

^{page 195 note 3} Parliamentary Debates, lxii (1842), 1375.Google Scholar

^{page 195 note 4} See Liverpool Mercury, 26 August, 2 September, and 7 October 1842 for notice of meetings.

^{page 195 note 5} See Liverpool Mercury, 17 and 21 March 1848 for procession on St. Patrick's Day; and Schoyen, A. R., The Chartist Challenge, London 1958, 174Google Scholar for the request to suspend habeas corpus.

^{page 196 note 1} Touzeau, J., The Rise and Progress of Liverpool from 1551 to 1835, Liverpool 1910, ii. 872.Google Scholar

^{page 196 note 2} Articles of Enquiry, 1811: EDV 7/4/141, Cheshire County Record Office, Chester.

^{page 196 note 3} Hume, A., Condition of Liverpool, Religious and Social, Liverpool 1858, 7–8.Google Scholar

^{page 196 note 4} Calculated from ibid., 8.

^{page 196 note 5} Picton, J. A., Memorials of Liverpool, London 1875, ii. 72Google Scholar; Peet, H., Liverpool Vestry Books, Liverpool 1915, i. 458.Google Scholar

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^{page 197 note 1} Hume, A., The Ecclesiastical Districts of Liverpool, Liverpool 1879, 17.Google Scholar

^{page 197 note 2} £710 each in 1828; H. Peet, op. cit., ii. xxxix.

^{page 197 note 3} J. Touzeau, op. cit., ii. 795–9.

^{page 197 note 4} White, B. D., A History of the Corporation of Liverpool, 1835–1914, Liverpool 1951, 29.Google Scholar

^{page 197 note 5} J. Picton, op. cit., i. 514.

^{page 197 note 6} Orchard, B. G. (Liverpool Legion of Honour, Birkenhead 1893, 42–3Google Scholar) touches on some of these differences and the reason for them.

^{page 198 note 1} Murphy, James (The Religious Problem in English Education: The Crucial Experiment, Liverpool 1959Google Scholar) provides a definitive account of the two corporation schools and assesses the part played by Hugh McNeile, ‘the O'Connell of Protestantism’. See also Bourke, Thomas, Catholic History of Liverpool, Liverpool 1910, 68.Google Scholar

^{page 198 note 2} Argus, 1 February 1879 and Weekly Post, 1 February 1879.

^{page 198 note 3} Beaconsfield to the Queen, 10 April 1880, quoted in Liverpool Review, May 1933, 158.

^{page 198 note 4} Ryle, J. C. (A Charge Delivered to the Clergy, Liverpool 1887, 8Google Scholar) says that a few very large contributions made up the principal part of the endowment. See Buckle, G. E., Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, London 1920, viGoogle Scholar. 549 for Disraeli's use of patronage.

^{page 198 note 5} Porcupine, 17 July 1880, 244.

^{page 198 note 6} ‘Lancashire Catholicism’, Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, Transactions, N.S. xviii (1902), 215.Google Scholar

^{page 198 note 6} Archdiocese of Liverpool Records, Lancashire Record Office, Preston. Articles of Enquiry,’ 1811: EDV 7/4/141, Cheshire County Record Office, gives 764 Roman Catholic out of 4,001 baptisms in 1810, that is 19–1 per cent.

^{page 198 note 7} Redford, Arthur, Labour Migration in England, 1800–1850, revised by W. H. Chaloner, Manchester 1964, 134.Google Scholar

^{page 199 note 1} Liverpool Courier, 2 March 1882. The estimate of the Roman Catholic bishop at the same date was 120,000 or 217 per cent of the population of Liverpool.

^{page 199 note 2} T. Bourke, op. cit., 66, 75, 210.

^{page 199 note 3} Calculated from Visitation Records (1865), Archdiocese of Liverpool, Lancashire Record Office.

^{page 199 note 4} T. Bourke, op. cit., 36.

^{page 199 note 5} Ibid., 178, 197.

^{page 199 note 6} Anstruther, G. E. and Hallett, P. E., Catholic Truth Society: the First Fifty Years, London 1934, 29–30.Google Scholar

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^{page 200 note 1} Prince's Park was established by Richard Vaughan Yates in 1843 and placed by him under a Trust. There was no municipal park until 1856.

^{page 200 note 2} Second Report of the Commissioners for Enquiring into the State of Large Towns, Parliamentary Papers, 1845, xviii. 323.

^{page 200 note 3} Squalid Liverpool by a Special Commissioner, Liverpool 1883, 37.Google Scholar

^{page 200 note 4} Edward Rush ton to Secretary of State, 21 April 1849, Parliamentary Papers, 1849, xlvii. 53–4.

^{page 200 note 5} T. Bourke, op. cit., 171.

^{page 200 note 6} Relatio Status Animarum Diocesis Liverpolitana, Archdiocese of Liverpool Records, Lancashire Record Office.

^{page 200 note 7} T. Burke, op. cit., 79.

^{page 201 note 1} See Inglis, K. S., Churches and the Working Classes in Victorian England, London 1963, 131–5.Google Scholar

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^{page 201 note 3} T. Burke, op. cit., 57.

^{page 201 note 4} Hume, A., Visiting List of the Parish of Vauxhall, Liverpool, Liverpool 1877.Google Scholar

^{page 201 note 5} Visitation of 1855 and Relatio Status Animarum of 1896, Archdiocese of Liverpool Records, Lancashire Record Office.

^{page 201 note 6} T. Burke, op. cit., 71.

^{page 201 note 7} Ibid., 204.

^{page 201 note 8} Liverpool Daily Post, 15 January 1872.

^{page 202 note 1} Calculated from figures in Catholic Times, 30 October 1891.

^{page 202 note 2} In 1872 bishop Goss said there were 150,000–200,000 Roman Catholics in Liverpool. For discussion of the census figures see the Appendix.

^{page 202 note 3} Calculated from Articles of Enquiry, 1811: EDV 7/4/141, Cheshire County Record Office.

^{page 202 note 4} As some people attended church more than once on the same day, the number of attenders was less than the total of attendances. In 1851, but not at subsequent dates, afternoon attendances are included; in 1881 and 1902, only morning and evening attendances. Afternoon congregations were already small in 1851 and dwindled thereafter. Sources used were: Census of Great Britain, 1851, Religious Worship, England and Wales, Report and Tables, London 1853Google Scholar; Liverpool Daily Post, 3 and 15 November 1881, 11 November 1902.

^{page 202 note 5} See the article by Ronald Goldman in New Society, 27 May 1965; also Sandford, C. T. and Griffin, S., ‘Religious Belief and Church Attendance of Students at a College of Science and Technology’, Church Quarterly Review, clxvi (1965), 337–43.Google Scholar

^{page 203 note 1} Mann, Horace, ‘on the Statistical Position of the Religious Bodies in England and Wales’, Journal of the Statistical Society of London, xviii (1855), 152–3.Google Scholar

^{page 203 note 2} As the Liverpool Daily Post enumerators attended only the 11 a.m. Mass, Roman Catholic figures are from the Catholic Times of 30 October 1891, and Roman Catholic evening attendance as given in the Post (9,442) is not included.

^{page 203 note 3} Mudie-Smith, R. (ed.), The Religious Life of London, London 1904, 15.Google Scholar

^{page 203 note 4} H. Mann (in Census of Great Britain, 1851, cxxi) suggests 30 per cent as unavoidably absent; Mudie-Smith considers it was 50 per cent in 1902–3.

^{page 203 note 5} Argyle, Michael, Religious Behaviour, London 1958, 134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 204 note 1} Holt, Anne, A Ministry to the Poor, Liverpool 1937, 16 ff.Google Scholar

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^{page 204 note 3} Hume, A., The Church of England: the Home Missionary to the Poor, London 1862Google Scholar, passim.

^{page 204 note 4} B. G. Orchard, op. cit., 42–3.

^{page 205 note 1} Sellers, Ian, ‘Nonconformist Attitudes in Later Nineteenth Century Liverpool’ Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, Transactions, 114 (1962), 215–40.Google Scholar

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^{page 205 note 3} Wesley an Home Mission, Liverpool, Annual Reports, 1876–95: a visit to the Liverpool Wesleyan Mission by a London Journalist, London 1896, 16, 34–5.Google Scholar

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^{page 205 note 6} Liverpool Mercury, 16 February 1882; Ryle, J. C., Our Position and Our Dangers, London 1885, 10.Google Scholar

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^{page 206 note 6} H. Peet (ed.), op cit., ii. 411–12.

^{page 206 note 7} Full Report of a Conference of Working Men, Clergy, and Others held in Hope Hall, Hope Street, Liverpool, on Saturday, 25th January 1868, to Enquire into the Causes of the Prevailing Indifference of the Working Classes to Public Worship, Liverpool 1868, 6–9, 43–4.Google Scholar

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^{page 210 note 1} Parliamentary Papers, 1845, xviii. 388.

^{page 210 note 2} Liverpool Daily Post, 12 November 1902.

^{page 210 note 3} See the Appendix for an explanation of census statistics.

^{page 210 note 4} K. S. Inglis, ‘Patterns of Religious Worship in 1851’, op. cit., 80–3.

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