I wish to thank numerous officials in the Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, especially Junichi Ihara, Shinichi Kitajima, Setsuo Ohmori, Tadaatsu Mouri, Naoko Munakata, Kuni Sato, Yuichi Suzuki, Tanaka Shigehiro, and Masakazu Toyoda, for sharing their views with me. I also thank Edward Lincoln and Ellis Krauss for their very thoughtful comments on earlier versions of this article presented at the Brookings Institution in 2002. Finally, at the Journal of East Asian Studies, I thank the editor Stephen Haggard, the former editor Byung-Kook Kim, and the anonymous reviewers for their very constructive criticisms.Google Scholar

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