Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-25wd4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T11:15:28.978Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Han Imaginaire of Writing as Weaving: Intertextuality and the Huainanzi's Self-Fashioning as an Embodiment of the Way

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2020

Tobias Benedikt Zürn Open the ORCID record for Tobias Benedikt Zürn [Opens in a new window]
Tobias Benedikt Zürn*
Affiliation:
Tobias Benedikt Zürn (tzuern@wustl.edu) is Postdoctoral Fellow in the Religious Studies Program at Washington University in St. Louis.
Get access

Abstract

Writers in the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE) apparently experienced writing in weaving terms. Such an imaginaire of writing as weaving was probably fully manifested in the first or second century BCE and crystallized in the coining of literary terminologies such as classics (jing), weft-writings (weishu), and literature/texts (wen). Situating the Huainanzi and its intertextual writing practice within this imaginaire enables us to reassess both the Huainanzi's widespread dismissal as a miscellaneous, encyclopedic behemoth in the first half of the twentieth century and its reappreciation over the last few decades. According to the Huainanzi's self-depictions, Liu An and his erudite courtiers apparently created the scripture in such an intertextual way in order to textually mimic the process of weaving. Since the Huainanzi commonly associates weaving with the Way's connective powers, the text's extraordinary design might be the result of a literary attempt to create an efficacious, textual artifact that embodies the Way by incorporating the act of weaving in its textual design.

Keywords

Huainanziimageryintertextualityliteraturematerial cultureperformativityreligious studiesritualweavingwriting
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 79 , Issue 2 , May 2020 , pp. 367 - 402
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Ames, Roger. 1994. The Art of Rulership: A Study of Ancient Chinese Political Thought. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Assmann, Jan. 2006. Religion and Cultural Memory: Ten Studies. Translated by Rodney Livingstone. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Gu, Ban 班固, ed. 1958. Qian Han shu 前漢書 [History of the former Han]. In Ershiwu shi 二十五史 [Twenty-five standard histories], vols. 3–4. Taipei: Yiwen yinshu guan yinhang.Google Scholar
Birrell, Anne. 1993. Chinese Mythology: An Introduction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Blackburn, Anne M. 2011. “The Text and the World.” In The Cambridge Companion to Religious Studies, ed. Orsi, Robert A., 151–67. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bokenkamp, Stephen, trans. 1997. Early Daoist Scriptures. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Boltz, William G. 1994. The Origin and the Early Development of the Chinese Writing System. New Haven, Conn.: American Oriental Society.Google Scholar
Boltz, William G. 2005. “The Composite Nature of Early Chinese Texts.” In Text and Ritual in Early China, ed. Kern, Martin, 50–78. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Bray, Francesca. 1997. Technology and Gender: Fabrics of Power in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bumbacher, Stephan Peter. 2012. Empowered Writing: Exorcistic and Apotropaic Rituals in Medieval China. St. Petersburg, Fla.: Three Pines Press.Google Scholar
Burnham, Dorothy K. 1980. Warp and Weft: A Textile Terminology. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum.Google Scholar
Campany, Robert Ford. 2009. Making Transcendents: Ascetics and Social Memory in Early Medieval China. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Chan, Wing-tsit. 1963. A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiji, Chen. 1992. History of Textile Technology of Ancient China. Translated by Guopei, Gao. New York: Science Press.Google Scholar
Yu-yu, Cheng 鄭毓瑜. 2006. “Lianlei, fengsong yu shiyu tiyan de chuanyi: Cong ‘Qi fa’ de liaoji xiaoneng tanqi” 連類、諷誦與嗜欲體驗的傳譯：從〈七發〉的療疾效能談起 [A discussion of correlative thinking, recitation, and the transmission of desires from the perspective of medical efficacy in the “Seven Stimuli”]. Qinghua xuebao 36(2):399–425.Google Scholar
Chengdu Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Jingzhou Conservation Center. 2015. “The Laoguanshan Cemetery of the Han Dynasty in Tianhui Town, Chengdu City.” Chinese Archaeology 15(1):61–72.Google Scholar
Tse-Tsung, Chow. 1979. “Ancient Chinese Views on Literature, the Tao, and Their Relationship.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 1:3–29.Google Scholar
Collins, Steven. 1998. Nirvana and Other Buddhist Felicities: Utopias of the Pali Imaginaire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511520655CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Dai 戴望, ed. 1954. Guanzi jiaozheng 管子校正 [Corrected version of the Guanzi]. In Zhuzi jicheng 諸子集成 [Collected master texts], vol. 5. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
De Groot, J. J. M. 1976. The Religious System of China: Its Ancient Forms, Evolution, History and Present Aspect, Manners, Custom and Social Institutions Connected Therewith. 6 vols. Taipei: Ch'eng Wen.Google Scholar
Denecke, Wiebke. 2010. The Dynamics of Masters Literature: Early Chinese Thought from Confucius to Han Feizi. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center.Google Scholar
Yuanzhi, Ding 丁原植. 1999. Huainanzi yu Wenzi kaobian 淮南子與文子考辯 [A philological analysis of the Huainanzi and the Wenzi]. Taipei: Wan juan lou.Google Scholar
Drexler, Monika. 1994. Daoistische Schriftmagie: Interpretationen zu den Schriftamuletten Fu im Daozang [Daoist written magic: Interpretations of written amulets fu from the Daoist Canon]. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.Google Scholar
Faure, Bernard. 1996. Visions of Power: Imagining Medieval Japanese Buddhism. Translated by Brooks, Phyllis. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9780691219561CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, Paul. 2009. “Intertextuality in Early Chinese Master-Texts: Shared Narratives in Shi Zi.” Asia Major, 3rd ser., 22(2):1–34.Google Scholar
Fölster, Max Jakob. 2018. “Libraries and Archives in the Former Han Dynasty (206 BCE–9 CE): Arguing for a Distinction.” In Manuscripts and Archives: Comparative Views on Record-Keeping, eds. Bausi, Alessandro, Brockmann, Christian, Friedrich, Michael, and Kienitz, Sabine, 201–30. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Yu-lan, Fung 馮友蘭. 1964. Zhongguo zhexue shi xinbian 中國哲學史新編 [New edition of the History of Chinese Philosophy]. 2 vols. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Yu-lan, Fung 馮友蘭. 1983. A History of Chinese Philosophy, Volume 1: The Period of the Philosophers (from the Beginnings to circa 100 B.C.). Translated by Bodde, Derk. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
You, Gao 高誘, ed. 1954. Lüshi chunqiu 呂氏春秋 [Mr. Lü's spring and autumn]. In Zhuzi jicheng 諸子集成 [Collected master texts], vol. 6. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
Goldin, Paul Rakita. 2005. After Confucius: Studies in Early Chinese Philosophy. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, Angus C., trans. 1960. The Book of Lieh-tzŭ. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Gumbrecht, Hans Ulrich. 2004. Production of Presence: What Meaning Cannot Convey. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Qingfan, Guo 郭慶藩, ed. 1954. Zhuangzi jishi 莊子集釋 [The Zhuangzi with collected explanations]. In Zhuzi jicheng 諸子集成 [Collected master texts], vol. 3. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
Harper, Donald, trans. 1998. Early Chinese Medical Literature: The Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts. London: Kegan Paul International.Google Scholar
Hinsch, Bret. 2003. “Textiles and Female Virtue in Early Imperial Chinese Historical Writing.” Nan Nü 5(2):170–202.10.1163/156852603322691119CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wailu, Hou 後外盧, Jibin, Zhao 趙紀彬, Guoxiang, Du 杜國庠, and Hansheng, Qiu 邱漢生. 1957. Zhongguo sixiang tongshi 中國思想通史 [A general history of Chinese thought], vol. 2. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Shu-wei, Hsieh. 2005. “Writings from Heaven: Celestial Writing in Six Dynasties Daoism.” PhD diss., Indiana University.Google Scholar
Xun, Jiao 焦循, ed. 1954. Mengzi zhengyi 孟子正義 [The Mengzi and its correct meaning]. In Zhuzi jicheng 諸子集成 [Collected master texts], vol. 1. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
Johnston, Ian, trans. 2010. The Mozi: A Complete Translation. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Kern, Martin. 2001. “Ritual, Text, and the Formation of the Canon: Historical Transition of Wen in Early China.” T'oung Pao 87(1):43–91.10.1163/15685320152565349CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kern, Martin. 2003. “Western Han Aesthetics and the Genesis of the Fu.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 63(2):383–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kern, Martin. 2005. “Quotation and the Confucian Canon in Early Chinese Manuscripts: The Case of ‘Zi Yi’ (Black Robes).” Asiatische Studien: Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Asiengesellschaft 59(1):293–332.Google Scholar
Kern, Martin. 2014. “Creating a Book and Performing It: The ‘Yaolüe’ Chapter of the Huainanzi as a Western Han Fu.” In The Huainanzi and Textual Production in Early China, eds. Queen, Sarah A. and Puett, Michael J., 124–50. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Kinney, Anne Behnke, trans. 2014. Exemplary Women of Early China: The Lienü Zhuan of Liu Xiang. New York: Columbia University Press.10.7312/kinn16308CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klebs, Julia. 2016. “Entgrenzungen von Proserpinas Kosmos” [Dissolved borders of Proserpina's cosmos]. In Weben und Gewebe in der Antike: Materialität – Repräsentation – Episteme – Metapoetik [Weaving and weaves in antiquity: Materiality – representation – epistemes – metapoetics], ed. Harich-Schwarzbauer, Henriette, 209–20. Oxford: Oxbow Books.10.2307/j.ctvh1dhsk.14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knechtges, David, trans. 1996. Wen Xuan or Selections of Refined Literature: Volume III: Rhapsodies on Natural Phenomena, Birds and Animals, Aspirations and Feelings, Sorrowful Laments, Literature, Music, and Passions. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Yingda, Kong 孔穎達, ed. 2001a. Liji zhushu 禮記註疏 [Commentary and subcommentary to the Record of Rites]. In Shisan jing zhushu 十三經註疏 [Commentary and subcommentary to the Thirteen Classics], vol. 5, ed. Yuan, Ruan 阮元. Taipei: Yiwen yinshu guan yinhang.Google Scholar
Yingda, Kong 孔穎達, ed. 2001b. Maoshi zhengyi 毛詩正義 [The Mao (Classic of) Songs and its correct meaning]. In Shisan jing zhushu 十三經注疏 [Commentary and subcommentary to the Thirteen Classics], vol. 2, ed. Yuan, Ruan 阮元. Taipei: Yiwen yinshu guan yinhang.Google Scholar
Yingda, Kong 孔穎達, ed. 2001c. Zhouyi zhengyi 周易正義 [The Zhou (Classic of) Changes and its correct meaning]. In Shisan jing zhushu 十三經注疏 [Commentary and subcommentary to the Thirteen Classics], vol. 1, ed. Yuan, Ruan 阮元. Taipei: Yiwen yinshu guan yinhang.Google Scholar
Kristeva, Julia. 1969. Semiotiké: Recherches pour une sémanalyse [Semiotics: A study for a semanalysis]. Paris: Seuil.Google Scholar
Kuhn, Dieter. 1995. “Silk Weaving in Ancient China: From Geometric Figures to Patterns of Pictorial Likeness.” Chinese Science 12:77–114.Google Scholar
Kuhn, Dieter. 2012. “Reading the Magnificence of Ancient and Medieval Chinese Silks.” In Chinese Silks, eds. Kuhn, Dieter and Feng, Zhao, 1–73. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Gan, Lao 勞幹. 1943–44. Juyan Han jian kaoshi 居延漢簡考釋 [A philological study of the Han bamboo slips from Juyan]. Chongqing: Academia Sinica (Zhongyang yanjiu yuan).Google Scholar
Le Blanc, Charles. 1985. Huai-Nan-Tzu: Philosophical Synthesis in Early Han Thought. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, Mark Edward. 1999. Writing and Authority in Early China. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, Mark Edward. 2006a. The Construction of Space in Early China. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, Mark Edward. 2006b. The Flood Myths of Early China. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Ling, Li and Cook, Constance A.. 1999. “Translation of the Chu Silk Manuscript.” In Defining Chu: Image and Reality in Ancient China, eds. Cook, Constance A. and Major, John S., 171–76. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Xueqin, Li 李學勤, ed. 2010. Qinghua daxue cang zhanguo zhujian 清華大學藏戰國竹簡 [Qinghua University's Warring States bamboo slips], vol. 4a (si shang ce 肆上冊). Shanghai: Zhongxi shuju.Google Scholar
Qichao, Liang 梁啟超. 1971. Zhuzi kaoshi 諸子考釋 [A philological study of the master texts]. Taipei: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
Liao, W. K., trans. 1939. The Complete Works of Han Fei Tzu: A Classic of Chinese Legalism Volume 1. London: Arthur Probsthain.Google Scholar
Baonan, Liu 劉寶楠, ed. 1954. Lun yu zhengyi 論語正義 [The Analects and its correct meaning]. In Zhuzi jicheng 諸子集成 [Collected master texts], vol. 1. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
Liu, Cary Y., Nylan, Michael, and Barbieri-Low, Anthony, eds. 2005. Recarving China's Past: Art, Archaeology, and Architecture of the “Wu Family Shrines.” New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dianjue, Liu 劉殿爵 (Lau, D. C.), Ching, Chen Fong 陳方正, and Wah, Ho Che 何志華, eds. 2000. Cao Pi ji zhuzi suoyin 曹丕集逐字索引 [A concordance to the works of Cao Pi]. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.Google Scholar
Liu, James J. Y. 1975. Chinese Theories of Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Xi, Liu 劉熙, ed. 1983. Shiming 釋名 [Explaining terms]. In Yingyin Wenyuan ge Si ku quanshu 影印文淵閣四庫全書 [Photocopied version of the Belvedere of Complete Profundity's Complete Library in Four Sections], vol. 221. Taipei: Taiwan shangwu yinshu guan.Google Scholar
Zhen, Liu 劉珍, ed. 1983. Dongguan Hanji 東觀漢記 [The eastern observatory's records of the Han]. In Yingyin Wenyuan ge Si ku quanshu 景印文淵閣四庫全書 [Photocopied version of the Belvedere of Complete Profundity's Complete Library in Four Sections], vol. 370. Taipei: Taiwan shangwu yinshu guan.Google Scholar
Mair, Victor H., trans. 1994. Wandering on the Way: Early Taoist Tales and Parables of Chuang Tzu. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Major, John S., Meyer, Andrew Seth, Queen, Sarah A., and Roth, Harold D., eds. and trans. 2010. The Huainanzi: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Government in Early Han China. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Marsili, Filippo. 2018. Heaven Is Empty: A Cross-Cultural Approach to “Religion” and Empire in Ancient China. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Maspero, Henry. 1924. “Légendes mythologiques dans le Chou King” [Mythological legends in the Classic of Documents]. Journal Asiatique 204:1–192.Google Scholar
May, Gerhard. 1978. Schöpfung aus dem Nichts: Die Entstehung der Lehre von der creatio ex nihilo [Creation out of nothingness: The formation of the doctrine of creatio ex nihilo]. Berlin: De Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mersmann, Birgit. 2011. “Schriftzeichen-Bilder: Chinesische Semigraphen zwischen Naturalisierung und Kulturalität” [Characters-images: Chinese semigraphs between naturalization and culturality]. In Bild – Macht – Schrift: Schriftkulturen in bildkritischer Perspektive [Image – power – script: Traditions of writing through an iconocritical perspective], eds. Loprieno, Antonio, Salis, Carsten Knigge, and Mersmann, Birgit, 189–223. Weilerswist: Velbrück Wissenschaft.Google Scholar
Meyer, Andrew Seth. 2014. “Root-Branches Structuralism in the Huainanzi.” In The Huainanzi and Textual Production in Early China, eds. Queen, Sarah A. and Puett, Michael J., 23–39. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. J. T. 1994. Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Murray, Judson B. 2007. “The Consummate Dao: The Way (Dao) and Human Affairs (Shi) in the Huainanzi.” PhD diss., Brown University.Google Scholar
Nylan, Michael. 2001. The Five “Confucian” Classics. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Nylan, Michael. 2014. “Note on Logical Connectives in the Huainanzi.” In The Huainanzi and Textual Production in Early China, eds. Queen, Sarah A. and Puett, Michael J., 225–65. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Owen, Stephen, ed. and trans. 1992. Readings in Chinese Literary Thought. Cambridge, Mass.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Pankenier, David W. 2013. Astrology and Cosmology in Early China: Conforming Earth to Heaven. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139017466CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pankenier, David W. 2015. “Weaving Metaphors and Cosmo-political Thought in Early China.” T'oung Pao 101(1–3):1–34.10.1163/15685322-10113P01CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powers, Martin J. 2006. Pattern and Person: Ornament, Society, and Self in Classical China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center.Google Scholar
Promey, Sally M., ed. 2014. Sensational Religion: Sensory Cultures in Material Practice. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Puett, Michael J. 2001. The Ambivalence of Creation: Debates Concerning Innovation and Artifice in Early China. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Puett, Michael J. 2002. To Become a God: Cosmology, Sacrifice, and Self-Divinization in Early China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center.Google Scholar
Puett, Michael J. 2014. “Sages, Creation, and the End of History in the Huainanzi.” In The Huainanzi and Textual Production in Early China, eds. Queen, Sarah A. and Puett, Michael J., 269–90. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Xizuo, Qian 錢熙祚, ed. 1954. Shenzi 慎子. In Zhuzi jicheng 諸子集成 [Collected master texts], vol. 5. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
Queen, Sarah A. 2008. “The Creation and Domestication of the Techniques of Lao-Zhuang: Anecdotal Narrative and Philosophical Argumentation in Huainanzi 12.” Asia Major, 3rd ser., 21(1):201–47.Google Scholar
Rappaport, Roy A. 1999. Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511814686CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raz, Gil. 2012. The Emergence of Daoism: Creation of Tradition. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203583746CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rom, Avital H. 2017. “Echoing Rulership: Understanding Musical References in the Huainanzi.” Early China 40:125–65.10.1017/eac.2017.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roth, Harold D. 1992. The Textual History of the Huai-Nan Tzu. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Association for Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Schafer, Edward H. 1977. Pacing the Void: T'ang Approaches to the Stars. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Scheid, John, and Svenbrø, Jesper. 2001. The Craft of Zeus: Myths of Weaving and Fabric. Translated by Carol Volk. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Scheidegger Lämmle, Cédric. 2016. “Einige Pendenzen: Weben und Text in der antiken Literatur” [A few open issues: Weaving and text in ancient literature]. In Weben und Gewebe in der Antike: Materialität – Repräsentation – Episteme – Metapoetik [Weaving and weaves in antiquity: Materiality – representation – epistemes – metapoetics], ed. Harich-Schwarzbauer, Henriette, 165–208. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Glintzer, Helwig. 2014. “Eine Schrift die keiner kennt: Ostasiatische Schriftzeichen und das ‘Alphabet der Bitternis’ – Bemerkungen zum Traum von einer Begriffsschrift” [A script nobody knows: East Asian characters and the “alphabet of bitter feelings” – Notes on a dream of a conceptual script]. In Buchstaben der Welt, Welt der Buchstaben [Letters of the world, world of letters], eds. Ôhashi, Ryôsuke and Roussel, Martin, 101–18. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.Google Scholar
Schmölz, Andrea. 1993. Vom Lied in der Gemeinschaft zum Liedzitat im Text: Liedzitate in den Texten der Gelehrtentradition der späten Chou-Zeit [From songs in communities to songs in texts: Citation of songs in texts of the late Zhou literati tradition]. Egelsbach, Germany: Verlag Dr. Markus Hänsel-Hohenhausen.Google Scholar
Schottenius Cullhed, Sigrid. 2016. “Reading Textual Patchwork.” In Weben und Gewebe in der Antike: Materialität – Repräsentation – Episteme – Metapoetik [Weaving and weaves in antiquity: Materiality – representation – epistemes – metapoetics], ed. Harich-Schwarzbauer, Henriette, 235–44. Oxford: Oxbow Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheng, Angela. 1995. “The Disappearance of Silk Weaves with Weft Effects in Early China.” Chinese Science 12:41–76.Google Scholar
Sheng, Angela. 2012. “Women's Work, Virtue, and Space: Change from Early to Late Imperial China.” East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 36:9–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slingerland, Edward, trans. 2003. Confucius: Analects with Selections from Traditional Commentaries. Indianapolis: Hackett.Google Scholar
Smith, Kidder. 2003. “Sima Tan and the Invention of Daoism, ‘Legalism,’ et cetera.” Journal of Asian Studies 62(1):129–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Richard J. 2008. Fathoming the Cosmos and Ordering the World: The Yijing (I-Ching, or Classic of Changes) and Its Evolution in China. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.Google Scholar
Snyder, Jane McIntosh. 1981. “The Web of Song: Weaving Imagery in Homer and the Lyric Poets.” Classical Journal 76(3):193–96.Google Scholar
Snyder, Jane McIntosh. 1983. “The Warp and Woof of the Universe in Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura.” Illinois Classical Studies 8(1):37–43.Google Scholar
Sontag, Susan. 1961. Against Interpretation and Other Essays. New York: Delta Book.Google Scholar
Strickmann, Michel. 2002. Chinese Magical Medicine. Edited by Faure, Bernard. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Sullivan Kruger, Kathryn. 2001. Weaving the Word: The Metaphorics of Weaving and Female Textual Production. Selinsgrove, Pa.: Susquehanna University Press.Google Scholar
Yirang, Sun 孫詒讓, ed. 1954. Mozi xiangu 墨子閒詁 [The Mozi and its gathered exegesis]. In Zhuzi jicheng 諸子集成 [Collected master texts], vol. 4. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
Swartz, Wendy. 2018. Reading Philosophy, Writing Poetry: Intertextual Modes of Making Meaning in Early Medieval China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center.Google Scholar
Tsai, Yen-zen. 1992. “Ching and Chuan: Towards Defining the Confucian Scriptures in Han China (206 BCE–220 CE).” PhD diss., Harvard University.Google Scholar
Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin. 2004. Written on Bamboo and Silk: The Beginnings of Chinese Books and Inscriptions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Unschuld, Paul, trans. 2011. Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen: An Annotated Translation of Huang Di's Inner Classic—Basic Questions. 2 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Ess, Hans. 2005–6. “Argument and Persuasion in the First Chapter of Huainanzi and Its Use of Particles.” Oriens Extremus 45:255–70.Google Scholar
Vankeerberghen, Griet. 2001. The Huainanzi and Liu An's Claim to Moral Authority. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Wagner, Rudolf G. 2015. “A Building Block of Chinese Argumentation: Initial Fu 夫 as a Phrase Status Marker.” In Literary Forms of Argument in Early China, eds. Gentz, Joachim and Meyer, Dirk, 37–66. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Waley, Arthur, trans. 1996. The Book of Songs (Shijing): The Ancient Chinese Classic of Poetry. Edited by Allen, Joseph R.. New York: Grove Press.Google Scholar
Bi, Wang 王弼, ed. 1954. Laozi zhu 老子注 [The Laozi and its commentary]. In Zhuzi jicheng 諸子集成 [Collected master texts], vol. 3. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
Wang, Eugene. 2011. “Ritual Practice Without a Practitioner? Early Eleventh Century Dhāraṇī Prints in the Ruiguangsi Pagoda.” Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 20:127–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xianqian, Wang 王先謙, ed. 1954. Xunzi jijie 荀子集解 [The Xunzi and its collected explanations]. In Zhuzi jicheng 諸子集成 [Collected master texts], vol. 2. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
Xianshen, Wang 王先慎, ed. 1954. Han Feizi jijie 韓非子集解 [The Han Feizi and its collected explanations]. In Zhuzi jicheng 諸子集成 [Collected master texts], vol. 5. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
Yi, Wang 王逸. 1993. “Jifu fu” 機婦賦 [Rhapsody on weaving women]. In Quan Han fu 全漢賦 [Complete Han rhapsodies], eds. Zhen'gang, Fei 費振剛, Shuangbao, Hu 胡雙寶, and Minghua, Zong 宗明華, 514–16. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Zhaoyuan, Wang 王照圓, ed. 1995–99. Lienü zhuan buzhu 列女傳補注 [The Biographies of Exemplary Women and its corrections and commentary]. In Xuxiu Si ku quanshu 續修四庫全書 [Continuation and revision of the Complete Library in Four Sections], vol. 515, ed. Niansun, Wang 王念孫. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Zheng, Wei 魏徵, ed. 1958. Sui shu 隨書 [History of the Sui]. In Ershiwu shi 二十五史 [Twenty-five standard histories], vol. 21. Taipei: Yiwen yinshu guan yinhang.Google Scholar
Weingarten, Oliver. 2019. “Intertextuality and Memory in Early Chinese Writings: A Case Study from Huainanzi.” Early China 42:201–36.10.1017/eac.2019.4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinrich, Harald. 1976. Sprache in Texten [Language in texts]. Stuttgart: Klett Verlag.Google Scholar
West, Martin L., trans. 1983. The Orphic Poems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Nicholas Morrow. 2015. Imitations of the Self: Jiang Yan and Chinese Poetics. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004282452CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, Wu. 1989. The Wu Liang Shrine: The Ideology of Early Chinese Pictorial Art. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Kuang-Ts'ing, Wu. 1937. “Libraries and Book-Collecting in China before the Invention of Printing.” T'ien Hsia Monthly 5(3):237–60.Google Scholar
Tong, Xiao 蕭統, ed. 1959. Wenxuan 文選 [Selections of refined literature]. Taipei: Yiwen yinshu guan yinhang.Google Scholar
Shen, Xu 許慎. 1965. Shuowen jiezi zhenben 說文解字真本 [The true version of the Commenting Patterns and Dissecting Characters]. In Si bu beiyao 四部備要 [Complete essentials in four sections], vols. 76–77. Taipei: Taiwan zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Zhang, Hanmo. 2012. “Models of Authorship and Text-Making in Early China.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Shuangdi, Zhang 張雙棣. 1997. Huainanzi jiaoshi 淮南子校釋 [The Huainanzi and its collected explanations]. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Zhan, Zhang 張湛, ed. 1954. Liezi zhu 列子注 [The Liezi and its commentary]. In Zhuzi jicheng 諸子集成 [Collected master texts], vol. 3. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe.Google Scholar
Feng, Zhao, Yi, Wang, Qun, Luo, Bo, Long, Baichun, Zhang, Yingchong, Xia, and Tao, Xie. 2016. “Mechanism of Laoguanshan Pattern Looms from Late 2nd Century BCE, Chengdu, China.” In Explorations in the History of Machines and Mechanisms: Proceedings of the Fifth IFToMM Symposium on the History of Machines and Mechanisms, eds. López-Cajún, Carlos and Ceccarelli, Marco, 209–21. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Qiuming, Zuo 左丘明. 1999. Guo yu zhuzi suoyin 國語逐字索引 [A concordance to the Discourses of the States]. Hong Kong: Shangwu yinshu guan.Google Scholar
Zürn, Tobias Benedikt. 2016. “Writing as Weaving: Intertextuality and the Huainanzi’s Self-Fashioning as an Embodiment of the Way.” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin, Madison.Google Scholar
Zürn, Tobias Benedikt. 2018. “Overgrown Courtyards and Tilled Fields: Image-Based Debates on Governance and Body Politics in the Mengzi, Zhuangzi, and Huainanzi.” Early China 41:297–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar