Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T18:34:15.568Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Global Environmental Encounters in Southwest China: Fleeting Intersections and “Transnational Work”

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2010

Get access

Abstract

This paper engages with the critical literature on development through a study of transnational environmentalism in China. Within the last decade, international development efforts have become increasingly important in shaping China's encounters with global sensibilities, funds, and projects. The author builds on scholarship that approaches China as a transnational entity and examines the emerging politics of the environment in China. Based on an ethnographic case study of a conservation and development project in Yunnan Province, the paper argues against conceptions that international development agendas can be unilaterally imposed. Rather, it suggests that in order to gain traction, agendas require a variety of agents. These agents create convergences through forms of “transnational work,” by and through particular social engagements. Finally, this paper reveals how such convergences remain tenuous and fleeting, and can be quickly dissolved when one side or another changes its orientation.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Anderson, M. Kat, and Barbour, Michael G.. 2003. “Simulated Indigenous Management: A New Model for Ecological Restoration in National Parks.” Ecological Restoration 21 (4): 269–77.Google Scholar
Atwill, David G. 2005. The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856–1873. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentley, J. 1990. Agroforestry Handbook for Xishuangbanna. Gland, Switzerland: World Wide Fund for Nature.Google Scholar
Blaikie, Piers M., and Muldavin, Joshua S. S.. 2004. “Upstream, Downstream, China, India: The Politics of Environment in the Himalayan Region.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94 (3): 520–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boland, Alana. 2000. “Feeding Fears: Competing Discourses of Interdependency, Sovereignty, and China's Food Security.” Political Geography 19 (1): 5576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bray, Francesca. 1986. The Rice Economies: Technology and Development in Asian Societies. New York: Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brosius, J. Peter, and Russell, Diane. 2003. “Conservation from Above: An Anthropological Perspective on Transboundary Protected Areas and Ecoregional Planning.” Journal of Sustainable Forestry 17 (1–2): 3966.Google Scholar
Chapin, Mac. 2004. “A Challenge to Conservationists.” World Watch, November–December, 17–31.Google Scholar
Cheung, P. S. C., and MacKinnon, J.. 1991. Xishuangbanna Nature Conservation: Exhibition Report. Hong Kong: World Wide Fund for Nature China.Google Scholar
Chu, Julie Y. 2006. “To Be ‘Emplaced’: Fuzhounese Migration and the Politics of Destination.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 13 (3): 395425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coggins, Chris. 2002. The Tiger and the Pangolin: Nature, Culture, and Conservation in China. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Paul A. 1984. Discovering History in China: American Historical Writing on the Recent Chinese Past. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Crewe, Emma, and Harrison, Elizabeth. 1998. Whose Development? An Ethnography of Aid. New York: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Crush, Jonathan, ed. 1995. Power of Development. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Davis, Sara. 2006. “Premodern Flows in Postmodern China: Globalization and the Sipsongpanna Tais.” In Centering the Margin: Agency and Narrative in Southeast Asian Borderlands, ed. Horstmann, Alexander and Wadley, Reed L., 87110. New York: Berghahn.Google Scholar
De Jong, Wil. 1997. “Developing Swidden Agriculture and the Threat of Biodiversity Loss.” Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 62 (2–3): 187–97.Google Scholar
Duara, Prasenjit. 1997. “Transnationalism and the Predicament of Sovereignty: China, 1900–1945.” American Historical Review 102 (4): 1030–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economy, Elizabeth C. 2004. The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China's Future. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press/Council of Foreign Relations.Google Scholar
Elvin, Mark. 2004. The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Escobar, Arturo. 1994. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Evans, Grant, Hutton, Christopher, and Eng, Kuah Khun. 2000. Where China Meets Southeast Asia: Social and Cultural Change in the Border Regions. Bangkok: White Lotus.Google Scholar
Fairbank, John K., Reischauer, Edwin O., and Craig, Albert M.. 1965. East Asia: The Modern Transformation. New York: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Ferguson, James. 1994. The Anti-Politics Machine: “Development,” Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Gladney, Dru C. 1994. “Representing Nationality in China: Refiguring Majority/Minority Identities.” Journal of Asian Studies 53 (1): 92123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, Michael. 2001. “The Birth of a Discipline: Producing Authoritative Green Knowledge, World Bank-Style.” Ethnography 2 (2): 191218.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, Susan. 2003. “Science, Modernity, and the Making of China's One-Child Policy.” Population and Development Review 29 (2): 163201.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, Susan. 2008. Just One Child: Science and Policy in Deng's China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hathaway, Michael J. Forthcoming. “The Emergence of Indigeneity: Public Intellectuals and an Indigenous Space in Southwest China.” Cultural Anthropology.Google Scholar
Hathaway, Michael J. n.d. “Development, Conservation and the Art of ‘Selective Engagement’ in Southwest China.” Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Hill, Ann Maxwell. 1998. Merchants and Migrants. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies.Google Scholar
Hyde, Sandra Teresa. 2007. Eating Spring Rice: The Cultural Politics of AIDS in Southwest China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Igoe, Jim. 2004. Conservation and Globalization: A Study of the National Parks and Indigenous Communities from East Africa to South Dakota. Belmont, Calif.: Thomson/Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Karl, Rebecca E. 1998. “Creating Asia: China in the World at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century.” American Historical Review 103 (4): 10961118.Google Scholar
Kirby, William C. 2006. “China's Internationalization in the Early People's Republic: Dreams of a Socialist World Economy.” China Quarterly 188:870–90.Google Scholar
Kleinman, P. J. A., Pimentel, D., and Bryant, R. B.. 1995. “The Ecological Sustainability of Slash and Burn Agriculture.” Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 52 (2–3): 235–49.Google Scholar
Kou, Z. 1997. “Xishuangbanna: Tropical Rain Forest.” Beijing Review, April. http://dawning.iist.unu.edu/china/bjreview/97Apr/97-14-9.html [accessed August 3, 2002].Google Scholar
Leach, Melissa, and Mearns, Robin. 1996. The Lie of the Land: Challenging Received Wisdom on the African Environment. London: International African Institute.Google Scholar
Lewis, David, and Mosse, David, eds. 2007. Development Brokers and Translators: The Ethnography of Aid and Agencies. Bloomfield, Conn.: Kumarian Press.Google Scholar
Li, Tania Murray. 2007. The Will to Improve: Governmentality, Development, and the Practice of Politics. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Litzinger, Ralph A. 2000. Other Chinas: The Yao and the Politics of National Belonging. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Litzinger, Ralph A. 2004. “The Mobilization of Nature: Perspectives from North-West Yunnan.” China Quarterly 178:488504.Google Scholar
Litzinger, Ralph A. 2006. “Contested Sovereignties and the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund.” Political and Legal Anthropology Review 29 (1): 6687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Louie, Andrea. 2004. Chineseness across Borders: Renegotiating Chinese Identities in China and the United States. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, John, Sha, Mang, Cheung, Catherine, Carey, Geoff, Xiang, Zhu, and Melville, David, eds. 1996. A Biodiversity Review of China. Hong Kong: World Wide Fund for Nature International.Google Scholar
Manela, Erez. 2006. “Imagining Woodrow Wilson in Asia: Dreams of East-West Harmony and the Revolt against Empire in 1919.” American Historical Review 111 (5): 1327–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuzawa, S. 2007. “The Transnational Diffusion of Global Environmental Concerns via INGOs in China: A New Framework for Understanding Diffusion in Authoritative Contexts.” PhD diss., University of California, San Diego.Google Scholar
Meggers, Betty J. 1971. Amazonia: Man and Nature in a Counterfeit Paradise. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Miller, H. Lyman. 1996. Science and Dissent in Post-Mao China: The Politics of Knowledge. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Timothy. 1995. “The Object of Development: America's Egypt.” In Power of Development, ed. Crush, Jonathan, 129–57. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Moseley, George V. H. III. 1973. The Consolidation of the South China Frontier. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Mosse, David, and Lewis, David, eds. 2005. The Aid Effect: Giving and Governing in International Development. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Mueggler, Erik. 2005. “Matter, Sense, and Affect in the Botanical Exploration of Southwest China and Tibet.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 47 (3): 442–79.Google Scholar
Nair, P. K. R. 1996. “Agroforestry Directions and Literature Trends.” In The Literature of Forestry and Agroforestry, ed. McDonald, Peter and Lassoie, James, 7495. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Neushul, Peter, and Wang, Zuoyue. 2000. “Between the Devil and the Deep Sea: CK Tseng, Mariculture, and the Politics of Science in Modern China.” Isis 91 (1): 5988.Google Scholar
Newman, S. M., and Seibert, B.. 1995. Malaysia, Vietnam, China: Evaluation of Conservation Strategies in Asian Countries. Hamburg, Germany: GOPA.Google Scholar
O'Brien, William E. 2002. “The Nature of Shifting Cultivation: Stories of Harmony, Degradation, and Redemption.” Human Ecology 30 (4): 483502.Google Scholar
Ong, Aihwa, and Nonini, Donald M., eds. 1996. Ungrounded Empires: The Cultural Politics of Modern Chinese Transnationalism. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Padoch, Christine. 1987. “The Economic Importance and Marketing of Forest and Fallow Products in the Iquitos Region.” In Swidden-Fallow Agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon, vol. 5, Advances in Economic Botany, ed. Deneven, William M. and Padoch, Christine, 7489. New York: New York Botanical Garden.Google Scholar
Perdue, Peter C. 2005. China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Pieke, Frank N., Pál, Nyíri, Mette, Thunø and Antonella, Ceccagno. 2004. Transnational Chinese: Fujianese Migrants in Europe. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Pun, Ngai. 1999. “Becoming Dagongmei (Working Girls): The Politics of Identity and Difference in Reform China.” China Journal, no. 42:118.Google Scholar
Pusey, James Reeve. 1983. China and Charles Darwin. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Raffles, Hugh. 2002. In Amazonia: A Natural History. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Richardson, Stanley D. 1990. Forests and Forestry in China: Changing Patterns of Resource Development. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.Google Scholar
Roe, Emery M. 1991. “Development Narratives, or Making the Best of Blueprint Development.” World Development 19 (4): 287300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rofel, Lisa. 1999. Other Modernities: Gendered Yearnings in China after Socialism. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Schaller, George B. 1993. The Last Panda. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Schein, Louisa. 2000. Minority Rules: The Miao and the Feminine in China's Cultural Politics. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Schmalzer, Sigrid. 2002. “Breeding a Better China: Pigs, Practices, and Place in a Chinese County, 1929–1937.” Geographical Review 92 (1): 1–23.Google Scholar
Schneider, Laurence. 2003. Biology and Revolution in Twentieth-Century China. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Schroeder, Richard A. 1999. Shady Practices: Agroforestry and Gender Politics in the Gambia. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Judith. 2001. Mao's War against Nature: Politics and the Environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Showers, Kate B. 2005. Imperial Gullies: Soil Erosion and Conservation in Lesotho. Athens: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Slater, Candace, ed. 2003. In Search of the Rain Forest. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Smart, P. L. Josephine. 1999. “The Global Economy and South China Development in Post-1978 China: Relevance and Limitations of the Flexible Accumulation Approach.” Urban Anthropology 28 (3–4): 407–46.Google Scholar
Smil, Vaclav. 1993. China's Environmental Crisis: An Inquiry into the Limits of National Development. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Sobel, David. 1989–90, “Beyond Ecophobia.” YES! Winter, 1923.Google Scholar
Sturgeon, Janet C. 2005. Border Landscapes: The Politics of Akha Land Use in China and Thailand. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Sun, Lena H. 1993. “Can Giant Pandas Survive the Effort to Save Them?Washington Post, December 27.Google Scholar
Sutton, S. B. 1974. In China's Border Provinces. New York: Hastings House.Google Scholar
Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt. 2005. Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, Matthew D., and Taylor, Peter J.. 2003. “Critical Reflections on the Use of Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies in Human Ecological Research.” Human Ecology 31 (2): 177–82.Google Scholar
Waley-Cohen, Joanna. 2000. The Sextants of Beijing: Global Currents in Chinese History. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Weller, Robert P. 2006. Discovering Nature: Globalization and Environmental Culture in China and Taiwan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
White, Tyrene. 1994. “The Origins of China's Birth Planning Policy.” In Engendering China: Women, Culture, and the State, ed. Gilmartin, Christina, Hershatter, Gail, Rofel, Lisa, and White, Tyrene, 250–78. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Dee Mack. 2002. Beyond Great Walls: Environment, Identity, and Development on the Chinese Grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Wilshusen, Peter R., Brechin, Steven R., Fortwangler, Crystal L., and West, Pat C.. 2002. “Reinventing a Square Wheel: Critique of a Resurgent ‘Protection Paradigm’ in International Biodiversity Conservation.” Society and Natural Resources 15 (1): 1740.Google Scholar
Winichakul, Thongchai. 1997. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, R. Bin. 1997. China Transformed: Historical Change and the Limits of European Experience. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Wu, Z. Y. (C. Y.). 1965. “The Tropical Floristic Affinity of the Flora of China.” Chinese Scientific Bulletin 1:2533.Google Scholar
Xu, Jianchu, et al. 1999. “Effects of Swidden Cultivation, State Policies, and Customary Institutions of Land Cover in a Hani Village, Yunnan, China.” Mountain Research and Development 19 (2): 123–32.Google Scholar
Yang, Bin. 2004. “Horses, Silver, and Cowries: Yunnan in Global Perspective.” Journal of World History 15 (3): 281322.Google Scholar
Yeh, E. T. 2003. “Tibetan Range Wars: Spatial Politics and Authority on the Grasslands of Amdo.” Development and Change 34 (3): 499523.Google Scholar
Zanasi, Margherita. 2006. Saving the Nation: Economic Modernity in Republican China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Zweig, David. 1995. “‘Developmental Communities’ On China's Coast: The Impact of Trade, Investment, and Transnational Alliances.” Comparative Politics 27 (3): 253–74.Google Scholar