Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xfwgj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-07T14:19:58.494Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Excommunication as Everyday Event and Ultimate Sanction: The Nature of Suspension from an Indian Caste

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

Get access

Abstract

The standard view of excommunication as severe, unusual punishment in India is shown to be inaccurate regarding a caste in Maharashtra. An alternative concept, centering on suspension from caste as an inevitable response to the pollution always incurred with any violation of caste rules, fits the particular caste in question and also fits the published descriptions of outcasting as well as or better than the standard view. By applying the alternative concept, it can be seen that panchayats are not like Western courts in the nature of the tasks they perform and that to view them as analogous to courts is seriously misleading.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Atkinson, J. Maxwell, and Drew, Paul. 1979. Order in Court. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxi, Upendra, and Galanter, Marc. 1979. “Panchayat Justice: An Indian Experiment in Legal Access.” In Access to Justice, ed. by Cappelletti, Mauro. 4 vols. Vol. 3: Emerging Issues and Perspectives, ed. by Mauro Cappelletti and Bryant Garth. Milan: Giuffré/Alphen aan den Rijn:Sijthoff and Nordhoff.Google Scholar
Bean, Susan S. 1981. “Towards a Semiotics of ‘Purity’ and ‘Pollution’ in India.” American Ethnologist 8:575–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biswas, Suhas K. 1962. “Harere Kumhars and their Caste Panchayat.” Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India 11:4146.Google Scholar
Bohannan, Paul. 1957. Justice and Judgment among the Tiv. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bohannan, Paul. 1969. “Ethnography and Comparison in Legal Anthropology.” In Law in Culture and Society, ed. by Nader, Laura. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Brown, Charles P. 1903. A Telugu-English Dictionary. 2d ed. Madras: The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.Google Scholar
Cohn, Bernard S. 1959. “Some Notes on Law and Change in North India.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 8:7993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, Bernard S. 1965. “Anthropological Notes on Disputes and Law in India.” American Anthropologist 67, no. 6, part 2:82122.Google Scholar
Collier, Jane F. 1973. Law and Social Change in Zinacantan. Stanford: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derrett, J. D. M. 1964. “Law and the Social Order in India before the Muhammadan Conquests.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 7:73120.Google Scholar
Dumont, Louis. 1970. Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and Its Implications. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Freed, Ruth S. 1971. “The Legal Process in a Village in North India.” Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 33:423–35.Google Scholar
Fuchs, Stephen. 1951. The Children of Hari. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph. 1967. Morals and Merit. London: Weidenfield and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Galanter, Marc. 1968. “The Displacement of Traditional Law in Modern India.” Journal of Social Issues 24:6591.Google Scholar
Girtler, Roland. 1976. “The Dichotomy of the ‘Legal’ and the ‘Traditional’ Panchayat—an Indian Dilemma.” Bulletin of the International Committee on Urgent Anthropological and Ethnological Research 18:3543.Google Scholar
Gnanambal, K. 1973. Religious Institutions and Caste Panchayats in South India. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India.Google Scholar
Goswami, B. B. 1963a. “Working of a Caste Panchayat in Bihar.” Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India 12:129–41.Google Scholar
Goswami, B. B. 1963b. “Caste Panchayat among the Hindu Nai (Barber) of Patna City.” Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India 12:155–63.Google Scholar
Harper, Edward, and Harper, Louise. 1959. “Political Organization and Leadership in a Karnataka Village.” In Leadership and Political Institutions in India, ed. by Park, Richard and Tinker, Irene. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hayden, Robert M. 1979. “The Cultural Ecology of Service Nomads.” The Eastern Anthropologist 32:297309.Google Scholar
Hayden, Robert M. 1981. “‘No One is Stronger than the Caste’—Arguing Dispute Cases in an Indian Caste Panchayat.” Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Buffalo.Google Scholar
Hayden, Robert M. In press. “Further Notes on the Formation of New Groups through Excommunication.” The Eastern Anthropologist.Google Scholar
Hayden, Robert M., and Malhotra, K. C.. 1977. “Dispute-Processing among a Group of Non-pastoral Nomads: The Nandiwallas.” The Eastern Anthropologist 30:111–29.Google Scholar
Hiebert, Paul G. 1971. Konduru. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Hoadley, M. C., and Hooker, M. B.. 1981. An Introduction to Javanese Law: A Translation of and Commentary on the Agama. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Lingat, Robert. 1973. The Classical Law of India. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Majumdar, D. N. 1958. Caste and Communication in an Indian Village. Bombay: Asia Publishing House.Google Scholar
Malhotra, K. C. 1974. “Socio-biological Investigations among the Nandiwallas—A Nomadic Caste-Cluster in Maharashtra.” Bulletin of the International Committee on Urgent Anthropological and Ethnological Research 16:63107.Google Scholar
Malhotra, K. C. 1979. “Ex-communication as a Process Leading to the Formation of New Groups.” The Eastern Anthropologist 32:4953.Google Scholar
Malhotra, K. C.; Hulbe, S. K.; Kolte, S. B.; and Khomme, S. B.. 1976. A Preliminary Report on the Socio-biological Investigations among the Nandiwallas and Deowallas of Maharashtra. C.S.R.D. Technical Report No. 1. Ahmedagar: Center for Studies in Rural Development, Ahmedagar College.Google Scholar
Malhotra, K. C., and Khomne, S. B.. 1978. “Social Stratification and Caste Ranking among the Nandiwallas of Maharashtra.”Paper presented at the National Seminar on Indian Nomads,Mysore,February 14–17.Google Scholar
Mandelbaum, David G. 1972. Society in India. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Marriott, McKim. 1976. “Hindu Transactions: Diversity without Dualism.” In Transaction and Meaning, ed. by Kapferer, Bruce. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.Google Scholar
Misra, P. K. 1978. “Sex Relations, Law, and Society.” Paper delivered at the Seminar on Tribal Customary Law, Calcutta (?), November 16–18.Google Scholar
Misra, P. K., Rajalakshmi, C. R., and Verghese, I.. 1971. Nomads in the Mysore City. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India.Google Scholar
Moore, Sally Falk. 1969. “Descent and Legal Position.” In Law in Culture and Society, ed. by Nader, Laura. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Moore, Sally Falk. 1978. “Archaic Law and Modern Times on the Zambezi: Some Thoughts on Max Gluckman's Interpretation of Barotse Law.” In Cross-Examinations: Essays in Memory of Max Gluckman, ed. by Gulliver, P. H.. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Morab, S. G. 1964. “Caste Panchayat of Bhandaris of Ratnagiri and North Canara Districts.” Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India 13:7784.Google Scholar
Morab, S. G. 1965. “The Bhandari Caste Council.” Man in India 45:152–58.Google Scholar
Morab, S. G. 1966. “Caste Council of the Bhandari of Dapoli.” Man in India 46:154–63.Google Scholar
Morab, S. G. 1978. “Dispute Settlement Mechanism among the Malai Kudi: A Hill Tribe in Karnataka.”Paper presented at the Seminar on Tribal Law,Mysore (?),November.Google Scholar
O'Malley, L. S. S. 1932. Indian Caste Customs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Patnaik, Nityananda. 1960a. “Outcasting Among Oilmen for Drinking Wine.” Man in India 40:17.Google Scholar
Patnaik, Nityananda. 1960b. “Assembly of the Mahanayaka Sudras of Puri District, Orissa.” In Data on Caste: Orissa, ed. by Bose, N. K., pp. 81117. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India.Google Scholar
Patnaik, Nityananda. 1961. “Assembly of Barbers in Dimiria, Puri District.” Man in India 41:194203.Google Scholar
Polkam, D. B. 1971. Merolu Telugu. Linguistic Survey of India Series, no. 4. Poona: Deccan College.Google Scholar
Saraswati, Baidyanath. 1962. “A Note on Rabbari Caste Panchayat.” Man in India 42:195205.Google Scholar
Srinivas, M. N. 1952. “A Joint Family Dispute in a Mysore Village.” Journal of the M.S. University of Baroda 1:731.Google Scholar
Srinivas, M. N. 1954. “A Caste Dispute among Washermen of Mysore.” The Eastern Anthropologist 7:148–68.Google Scholar
Srinivas, M. N. 1959. “The Case of the Potter and the Priest.” Man in India 39:190209.Google Scholar
Srinivas, M. N. 1962. “The Study of Disputes in an Indian Village.” In Srinivas, Caste in Modern India and Other Essays. Bombay: Asia Publishing House.Google Scholar
Vetschera, T., Khomne, S. B., and Hulbe, S. K.. 1978. “Dispute Processing among the Nomads at Madhi in Maharashtra.”Paper presented at the National Seminar on Indian Nomads,Mysore,February 14–17.Google Scholar
Worldview Productions. 1981. Courts and Councils: Dispute Settlement in India. (Documentary Film). Madison: Department of South Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar